CH 12

The right to form a(n) ______ _______ did not exist until the the Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Act in the early 1930s.

labor union

Changes in public opinion have affected labor unions by:

influencing passage of laws to curb the power of management prohibiting compulsive union membership the passing of laws to curb corruption in unions

In 1997, the Supreme Court reinforced that both genders are covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1991 when it ruled that sexual harassment included:

same-sex harassment

CEO bonuses and compensation packages are usually tied to increases in the company's __________ ___________.

stock price

Both men and women are protected from sexual harassment by:

the Civil Rights Act of 1991

The first national labor union whose goal was to gain significant political power was the:

Knights of Labor

The goals of most labor unions today have evolved to include:

child and elder care offshore outsourcing worker retraining

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 made which of these union practices illegal?

Closed shop agreements Secondary boycotts

Examples of quid pro quo sexual harassment include:

-offering a pay raise to an employee in exchange for a date -threatening to fire a subordinate who refuses to go out with you

Workplace violence is:

-responsible for 19 percent of women's workplace deaths -the greatest cause of women's death in the workplace

Employers are concerned with the changing demographics of mothers in the workforce because:

-single workers and single-income families do not want to subsidize child care -the number of women workers with children under 18 has grown to about 75% since 1975 -absences for child care cost U.S. employers billions of dollars annually

By 2040, the number of people who are over 65 is expected to:

almost double

The abused substances that create the most lost productivity and safety problems in the workplace include:

illegal drugs alcohol

CEO compensation and bonuses are, theoretically, determined by a firm's:

profitability increase in stock price

When submitting to a request for sexual favors affects an employee's opportunity for advanced training, it is ________ _________ ________ sexual harassment.

quid pro quo

If a supervisor offers an employee a pay raise in exchange for going out on a date, it is _______ ________ .

sexual harassment

Which of the following are craft unions?

Plumbers Electricians Pipe fitters

The length of the average work week in the early 1900s was:

60 hours

By 2040, the number of Americans over _______ is expected to increase to 80 million.

65

True or false: Closed shop agreements were created in the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.

False

True or false: The need to continually increase productivity led to improved working conditions in factories.

False

Overseeing union election campaigns and investigating labor practices are duties of the:

National Labor Relations Board

What is the percent of women in the workforce with children under 18?

Nearly 75 percent

Unions use picketing in a labor dispute:

as an informational tool to alert the public to an issue

The purpose of a union strike in a labor dispute is to:

attract public attention to their cause stop or slow production

The NLRB is authorized to investigate and remedy ______ _______ practices.

unfair labor

The NLRB is authorized to investigate and remedy _______ ______ practices.

unfair labor

Protection for both genders was reinforced when same-sex discrimination was made illegal by:

the Supreme Court

The goals of most labor unions in the 1930s was the right to organize, in the 1970s to increase worker pay and benefits, in the 1980s union recognition and job security, today to reduce job loss from outsourcing. One can conclude that:

changes in the social and economic environment determine the goals of labor in a given period

The goals of labor unions differ from those of management because employers want more profits and labor wants:

better pay and working conditions

The goal of the Knights of Labor was to establish the first ________ labor union.

national

In the future, unions are likely to focus on which of these issues?

Offshore outsourcing Child and elder care

Repeatedly telling dirty jokes at work, after another worker asks you to stop, is:

hostile environment sexual harassment

Some of the major goals of labor unions are to:

improve working conditions for members represent its members in negotiations provide a unified voice for members

By 2040, the number of people who are over 65 is expected to:

increase

A court order directing someone to do, or refrain from doing, something is a(n) ________ .

injunction

The right to form a(n) _________ _________ did not exist until the the Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Act in the early 1930s.

labor union

The difference between working conditions in factories today and those in the early 1900s is that:

labor unions and the law have improved them

The Industrial Revolution changed the economic structure of the United States because:

mass production brought huge increases in productivity

A legal agreement that clarifies the terms and conditions under which labor and management will operate over a period of time is a(n) ______.

negotiated labor-management agreement labor contract

In the future, labor unions are likely to focus on:

pay equity

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 requires employers to:

pay men and women equally for doing the same work

When an employee's agreement to go on a date with her supervisor is a condition for keeping her job, it is:

quid pro quo sexual harassment

A future focus of labor unions due to the effect of job losses from offshore outsourcing is job ________.

security

The clause included in many union contracts that requires those benefiting from the union to pay dues is a union _______ clause.

security

The Civil Rights Act of 1997 protects against same-sex _________ ________.

sexual harassment

Quid pro quo sexual harassment is when:

-accepting a sexual request is linked to promotion -accepting a sexual request is linked to job security -rejecting a sexual request leads to termination of employment

In an agency shop agreement, employers may hire workers who are not union members. Workers:

-must pay a fee or dues to the union that represents them -are not required to join a union after they are hired

Laws allowing labor unions to form and providing for a minimum wage did not exist in:

1900

The negotiated labor-management agreement that clarifies the terms and conditions under which management and a union will operate for a specified period is also known as a(n) _________ ___________.

Labor Contract

One reason that employers are concerned with the number of women with children in the workforce is because _________ result in large and costly decreases in productivity.

absences

A(n) __________ shop agreement does not require workers to belong to the union, but they must pay a fee for the services of the union that represents them.

agency

A union security clause is included in contracts because:

all workers who benefit from having a union should help pay for it

The __________ zone is the range of options each party will consider between the initial and final offers in a negotiation.

bargaining

A(n) ___________ (open/closed) shop agreement specified that workers had to be union members before they were hired for a job.

closed

A clause in a labor contract that required workers to be members of the union before being hired was known as a(n):

closed shop agreement

An organization of skilled specialists in a particular trade, such as plumbers, is a(n):

craft union

Workers use picketing in a labor dispute to:

create attention and sympathy for their cause

OSHA reports that workplace violence is the number one cause of ___________ for women in the workplace.

death

The trend toward violence in the workplace has been:

decreasing since the 1990s

Some employers try to curb the dangerous use of _________ and ________ in the workplace by testing employees.

drugs alcohol

When a court issues an order to do or not do a specific activity, it is known as a(n):

injunction

Activities of the National Labor Relations Board include:

investigating labor practices overseeing union election campaigns

The Industrial Revolution brought problems for workers due to the demand for constant increases in _______

productivity

The Industrial Revolution made the United States an economic world power through huge increases in ______ from mass production.

productivity

The Civil Rights Act of 1997 protects against same-sex _________ _________ .

sexual harassment

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature that is offensive is ________ __________.

sexual harassment

When submission to unwelcome sexual advances is a condition of employment, it is quid pro quo _________ _________ .

sexual harassment

The union tactic used in a labor-management dispute when the workers collectively refuse to go to work is a(n) ______

strike

The act that requires companies to give equal pay to men and women doing the same job is:

the Equal Pay Act of 1963

The range of options each party will consider between the initial and final offers made in a negotiation is known as:

the bargaining zone

A(n) ________ is an employee organization that represents its members in negotiations with management over wages and working conditions.

union

The employee organization that represents labor in negotiations with management is a(n)

union

Laws such as the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (Landrum-Griffin Act) of 1959 were passed when:

unions became very powerful and corrupt