CH 12 Review

Avulsion fractures to the coracoid process can be seen in a young individual when forceful, repetitive throwing places too much stress on the growth plate.

TRUE

Scapular fractures may involve the body of the scapula, spine of the scapula, acromion process, coracoid process, or glenohumeral joint.

TRUE

The AC joint consists of the articulation of the medial facet of the acromion process of the scapula with the distal clavicle.

TRUE

The SC joint is a ball and socket synovial joint that enables rotation of the clavicle with respect to the sternum.

TRUE

Thoracic outlet compression syndrome often is aggravated in activities that require overhead rotational stresses while muscles are loaded, such as weight lifting and swimming.

TRUE

The mechanism of injury for a posterior glenohumeral dislocation is a fall on an outstretched arm that is forced into abduction and external rotation.

FALSE

Movement at the shoulder typically involves some rotation at the SC, AC, and GH joints.

TRUE

If a glenohumeral dislocation is suspected, the function of ______________ should be assessed.

axillary nerve

The most common mechanism that produces a SC joint sprain involving an anterior displacement is

compression

After receiving a blow to the sternum, an indivdiual has difficulty swallowing and breathing and a diminished pulse. What injury should be suspected?

posterior displacement of the clavicle

In an AC separation, the ____________ is elevated

proximal clavicle

The immediate management for a SC joint sprain involving a posterior displacement includes

summoning EMS

The brachial plexus is made from which levels of spinal nerves?

C5-T1

A mechanism of injury for an AC sprain is

Fall on an outstretched arm

The glenohumeral joint is the most frequently dislocated major joint in the body.

TRUE

A __________________AC sprain involves rupture of the AC ligament and coracoclavicular ligament.

Type 3

Impingement syndrome involves damage to the

subacromial bursa

The _____________ bursa may become irritated when repeatedly compressed during the overhand arm action.

subacromial bursa

A weakened _____________ muscle is present in many chronic shoulder problems, particularly among throwers.

suprapinatus

Impingement syndrome is typically seen in individuals under 25 years of age.

FALSE

A characteristic of a type III AC sprain is a depression or drooping of the shoulder girdle.

TRUE

The true shoulder joint is referred to as the:

glenohumeral joint

The rotator muscle group includes all but which of the following?

teres major

A function of the scapular muscles is

to abduct the humerus

In recurrent anterior glenohumeral dislocations, the forces needed to produce the injury are increased.

FALSE

The most common site for a clavicular fracture is the distal end of the bone.

FALSE

The subcoracoid bursa cushions the rotator cuff muscles from the overlying bony acromion.

FALSE

Inability to horizontally adduct the arm without considerable pain is characteristic of a grade II

SC sprain

Hypermobility of the shoulder joints is a factor that can contribute to impingement syndrome.

TRUE

Prolonged inflammation of the biceps tendon can make the tendon vulnerable to forceful rupture during repetitive overhead motions.

TRUE

The most common mechanism of injury for damage to the glenohuneral joint is

excessive shoulder external rotation and extension

The anterior deltoid and clavicular pectoralis major are the primary

shoulder flexors

In a first-time glenohumeral dislocation, the injured arm is usually held in which of the following positions?

slightly abducted and externally rotated

An anterior glenohumeral dislocation outwardly displays

a flattened deltoid

Frontal plane movements of the humerus at the shoulder include:

abduction and adduction

The middle portion of the deltoid is responsible for what motion?

flexion horizontal adduction

The main function of the rotator cuff muscles is to

hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid tossa

A mild acromioclavicular sprain is treated with:

ice application, NSAIDs, and referral to a physician

A characteristic of a _________________ is carrying the arm tightly against the chest and cross the front of the trunk in rigid adduction and internal rotation.

posterior glenohumeral dislocation

Limited motion in the _____________ plane is permitted at the AC joint.

sagittal, frontal, transverse