Ch 13 Moral Development, Values, and Religion

According to Piaget, what type of parenting style would most inhibit the advancement of moral reasoning in young children?

Authoritarian

What are the two main components of the superego?

Ego ideal and conscience

In which of the following ways did Kohlberg formulate his theory of moral development?

He interviewed people and gave them theoretical moral dilemmas to solve.

is the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. Young children believe in this type of justice.

Immanent justice

Which of the following accurately describe Carol Gilligan's criticisms of Kohlberg's theory? (Select all that apply)

It puts abstract principles above relationships. It sees the individual standing alone independently making moral decisions. It is based on a male norm.

According to Darcia Narváez, mature moral individuals engage in which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Moral self-reflection Moral metacognition Moral self-monitoring

Based on a developmental study, which of the following statements apply to developmental changes in religiousness from ages 14 to 20?

More change occurred in attending religious services than in religiousness. Religiousness, such as frequency of prayer, declined from 14 to 20 years of age. Attendance of religious services declined between 14 and 18 years of age.

Baumeister and Vohs found that which of the following four main needs guide how people try to make sense of their lives?

Need for a sense of efficacy Need for purpose Need for values Need for self-worth

Which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development is sometimes described as "What's in it for me?"

Preconventional reasoning

______ is the feeling of obligation to return a favor for a favor.

Reciprocity

______ is an organized set of beliefs, whereas ______ refers to the degree of affiliation with an organized religion.

Religion; religiousness

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding religion and coping?

Religiousness impairs effective coping.

What theory of morality emphasizes a distinction between an individual's moral competence and his or her moral performance?

Social cognitive theory

Which theory states that there are different areas of social knowledge and reasoning, including moral, social conventional, and personal domains?

Social domain

______ involves experiencing something beyond oneself in a transcendent manner and living in a way that benefits others and society.

Spirituality

If a religious change is going to take place it will usually take place during

adolescence.

Although finances are tight, William contributes 10 percent of his income to his church monthly. This is an act of:

altruism.

According to Ross Thompson's perspective, children ______ than Piaget envisioned.

are less egocentric

10 years of age and older

autonomous morality

Need for values

can lend a sense of goodness to life and justifies certain courses of action; enables people to decide whether certain acts are right or wrong

Carol Gilligan's perspective is a moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others.

care

Adolescents and emerging adults can question and select their own beliefs about religion because of advancement in development.

cognitive

Thirteen-year-old Rilie sneaks out of the house often. She and her friends destroy property, drink alcohol, and smoke cigarettes. Of the following, Rilie would most likely be diagnosed with:

conduct disorder.

The hidden curriculum is reflected in all of the following EXCEPT:

explicit moral instruction

Children with serious conduct problems tend to show a(n) ______ pattern of behavior and are often impulsive, overactive, and aggressive.

externalizing

An aspect of prosocial behavior that occurs when the injured person releases the injurer from possible behavioral retaliation is called:

forgiveness.

Prosocial behavior includes forgiveness and ______, or the ability to be thankful and appreciative.

gratitude

Children at the ______ morality stage of Piaget's moral reasoning view justice and rules as unchangeable and not under the control of people.

heteronomous

4 to 7 years of age

heteronomous morality

The label ______ is applied to an adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal.

juvenile delinquent

Religion and coping focus on -making coping.

meaning

What type of development involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interaction with other people?

moral

According to the World Values Survey, 18- to 24-year-olds in less developed countries were ______ likely to be religious compared to emerging adults in more developed countries.

more

Need for purpose matches

present events draw meaning from their connection with future events; divided into goals and fulfillments

Which of the following are among the most important aspects of the parent-child relationship that contribute to children's moral development?

proactive strategies conversational dialogue relational quality

Research shows that over the last several years, college-aged students are placing more value on:

self-fulfillment and material gain.

Darcia Narváez argues that attention should be focused on ______, which involve focusing on students' sense of purpose, social engagement, community connections, and ethics.

sustaining climates

7 to 10 years of age

transition between the two stages

Heteronomous thinkers believe that rules are:

unchangeable.

Beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be according to what is important to an individual are:

values.

______ morality is the name of the second stage of Piaget's moral development. In this stage, children older than 10 become aware that rules and laws are created by people.

Autonomous

Carol Gilligan questioned Lawrence Kohlberg's perspective of moral development and argued for a(n) perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others.

Blank 1: justice Blank 2: care

In Kohlberg and Piaget's views of moral development, play the primary role, and provide role-taking opportunities.

Blank 1: peers Blank 2: parents or parent

______ refers to actions taken by an adolescent in breaking the law or engaging in behavior that is considered illegal.

Juvenile delinquency

The theorist who developed a theory of moral development that involved three levels was:

Kohlberg.

hich of the following is LEAST likely to influence the religion and religiousness of adolescents?

Media and school

Which of the following aspects of the parent-child relationship does NOT contribute to a child's moral development?

reactive strategies

Which of the following are among the most important aspects of the parent-child relationship that contribute to children's moral development?

relational quality conversational dialogue proactive strategies

A person with ______ does not want to go against his or her moral notions and commitments because it would violate the integrity of the self.

a moral identity

______ stresses that children, even very young ones, are motivated to evaluate and make sense of their social world.

Social domain theory

True or false: Piaget concluded that parent-child relations are less likely than peer relations to advance moral reasoning in young children

True

True or false: Piaget concluded that parent-child relations are less likely than peer relations to advance moral reasoning in young children.

True

Need for self-worth

\individual needs to be a good person; feeling that one is good at doing something or self-esteem derived from group belonging

Need for sense of efficacy matches

belief that one can make difference

As a result of cognitive development in adolescents, adolescents and emerging adults:

may begin to question their own religious beliefs.

development involves changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong.

moral

Most schools do not have a plan for moral education; they provide moral education through a(n) curriculum, or a moral atmosphere.

hidden

individuals have a moral when moral notions and commitments are central to their life.

identity

Young children's moral advancements are best characterized as:

inconsistent.

Securely attached adolescents are more inclined to adopt the religious orientation of their:

parents.

Moral ______ is determined by motivation and the rewards and incentives to act in a specific moral way.

performance

According to Freud, ______ is the foundation of moral behavior.

guilt

According to Kohlberg, in ______ reasoning, individuals decide on a moral code.

postconventional

Darcia Narváez argues that attention should be focused on ______, which involve focusing on students' sense of purpose, social engagement, community connections, and ethics

sustaining climates