Ch. 13 review science

As a result of the destruction of stratospheric ozone, scientists believe that----------- including frogs, toads, and salamanders, will be especially vulnerable to increased UV radiation.

Amphibians

Climate in a region is the long-term, prevailing---------- conditions.

Atmospheric

A predicted increase in earth's average temperature caused by human activities and the subsequent release of gases such as carbon dioxide is known as------------

Global warming

The------------- is a process by which the atmosphere reradiates infrared radiation back to earth's surface and thereby warms earth's surface and lower atmosphere.

Greenhouse effect

Water vapor and carbon dioxide reradiate infrared radiation in the atmosphere back to the surface of earth, so they are called...

Greenhouse gases

Sulfur dioxide in the upper atmosphere can lead to the formation of------ that can reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the surface of earth.

Haze

CO2 levels in the atmosphere are-------- in winter and------- in the summer, but the------ highs are higher each year and the----- lows are lower each year.

Higher, lower, winter, summer

A continuous record form manuna loa, Hawaii, revels that annual average atmospheric CO2 concentrations have------- since 1958

Increased

An effect of El Niño is------- in the southern part of the United States.

Increased rainfall

The------------ is an international agreement that seeks to limit CO2 emissions from developed countries.

Kyoto protocol

Powerful computers are required to perform the calculations for scientists to develop climatic...

Models

The----------- is an international agreement that limits CFC production.

Montreal protocol

Stratospheric------ is destroyed by chlorine atoms released from CFCs

Ozone

As a result of the destruction of stratospheric ozone, single-celled organisms called--------, that live near ocean's surface, can be killed by increased UV radiation.

Phytoplankton

Strong circulation winds over Antarctica, know as the --------, play a role in the formation of the polar stratospheric clouds.

Polar vortex

Trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies are examples of------winds.

Prevailing

------ frequently results whenever warm, moist air rises.

Rain

Though CFC production has been cut back, the threat to stratospheric ozone continues because CFCs------- in the atmosphere for decades.

Remain, persist

If polar ice masses melt as a result of climate change, sea levels will...

Rise

Damage to------ in cells of living organisms is caused by exposure to UV radiation.

DNA

A--------------- is often found on the inland side of a mountain range.

Desert or rain shadow

During a what period, winds push warm water eastward in the Pacific Ocean

El Niño

One serious consequence of climate change , a rise in sea levels, could result in...

Erosion

The development of an ozone hole over the poles is a result of human activities and begins when molecular------ from chlorofluorocarbons is released into the atmosphere and collects on polar stratospheric clouds.

Chlorine

The statement "Cool summers, cold winters with lots of snow—about 75 cm of precipitation each year" describes-------

Climate

You would expect a--------------------------------- location to have a climate with mild temperatures and frequent rain.

Coastal region at about 30 degrees latitude

Large quantities of gaseous sulfur dioxide can reach the upper atmosphere following a...

Volcanic eruption

--------------- states an observation that helps to explain circulation patterns in the atmosphere.

Warm air rises and cools

The statement "it's hot and sunny today-the temperature is 88F at 11 a.m." Describes...

Weather

Populations of tiny, shrimp-like animals know as------- may be reduced by climate change.

Zooplankton