Ch 14

Why are sensory neurons that monitor touch, pressure, vibration, pain, and temperature considered "general sensory receptors"?

Their receptors are widely distributed over the body.

Which spinal nerves are involved in the lumbar plexus, and what could become paralyzed if these nerves are damaged?

L1-L4; quadriceps femoris and adductor muscle group

Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

CN X

Which muscle group is innervated primarily by the median nerve?

Flexor muscles in the forearm The median nerve innervates all of the flexor muscles in the forearm except for flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus.

What is unusual about the last nerve in the thoracic series (T12)?

It lies inferior to the 12th rib.

The nerve that innervates the flexor muscles located in the arm (brachium) is the __________. This nerve is a branch of the __________ cord.

Musculocutaneous nerve; lateral The musculocutaneous nerve, derived from the lateral cord, innervates the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis, all flexor muscles located in the arm or brachium.

Pria experienced both numbness and motor weakness. If just one nerve was compressed, how could she be feeling both?

Nerves usually contain both somatic sensory and somatic motor neurons. When compressed, the neurons won't function properly.

Identify the word grouping that is correct.

Posterior division, axillary nerve, deltoid

Which statement is true concerning the innervation of adrenal medulla?

Preganglionic sympathetic axons terminate in the adrenal medulla and stimulate the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Which of these statements about sympathetic trunk ganglia is accurate?

The sacral ganglia lie medial to the sacral foramina.

Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS ?

They innervate many of the same visceral organs.

When the humerus is broken mid-shaft, injury to the radial nerve can often result. Following healing of the broken bone, what muscular deficits would be apparent if the radial nerve had been injured at the area of fracture?

Weakness or loss of extension of the wrist

Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the branches of the sacral plexus?

adductor longus

Which region of the spinal cord does NOT contain any autonomic neurons?

cervical

Steve has decided to go mountain climbing with his friends. As he climbs the mountain, he slips and falls. Although Steve insists that he is fine, his friends take him to the doctor in order for him to receive a full medical exam. The neurological aspect of his exam reveals that he is unable to extend his hallux and that he has very little sensation on the dorsum of his foot. Which of the following nerves was most likely damaged in his fall?

common fibular nerve

The nerves of the anterior division of the brachial plexus innervate all of the following muscles EXCEPT the __________.

deltoid

Which branch of the spinal nerve innervates the muscles indicated with the arrows?

dorsal ramus innervates the muscles and skin of the back

If you were very nervous about speaking in front of a group of people, which of the following would be likely to develop?

dry mouth, due to sympathetic inhibition of secretions from the salivary glands

Effects caused by stimulation of the parasympathetic division include __________.

erection, contraction of smooth muscle of bladder wall, and increased motility of digestive organs

Which region of the central nervous system integrates the activities of the autonomic nervous system?

hypothalamus

At what point in embryonic development do sensory peripheral axons begin growing from the neural crest of dorsal root ganglia?

late in the fourth week of development

It innervates muscles in anterior and medial compartments of the thigh.

lumbar plexus

Terminal fibers originate from spinal nerves L2-L4.

lumbar plexus

Baroreceptors are a type of __________ that monitors __________.

mechanoreceptor / blood pressure

Sally was working in the kitchen when she was careless and picked up a hot pan with her bare hand. After healing, Sally continues to feel a loss of sensation on the lateral surface of her palm. Although Sally maintains normal movement in all her muscles, her cutaneous sensation has been impaired. Which nerve was most likely damaged as a result of her burning incident?

median

The doctor explained to Pria that the brachial plexus is a network of nerves that innervate the upper limb, and that carpal tunnel syndrome is a result of one of those nerves being compressed where it passes through the carpal tunnel. Which terminal nerve of the brachial plexus would be responsible for the tingling and weakness in her left hand?

median

The adrenal medulla is different from the remainder of the sympathetic division because __________.

modified postganglionic neurons in the medulla secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, which act as blood-borne neurohormones, rather than as neurotransmitters

Which of the following muscles is innervated by both the femoral and obturator nerves of the lumbar plexus?

pectineus

In this video, all of the nerves located deep to the wooden probe are derived from the __________ cord of the brachial plexus.

posterior

David has sustained an injury to his neck that has resulted in the complete loss of sensation to the posterior side of his upper arm and an inability to extend his index finger. Which nerve has most likely been damaged as a result of his injury?

radial

It innervates muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh.

sacral plexus

It provides most of the cutaneous innervation to the foot.

sacral plexus

Terminal fibers originate from spinal nerves L4-S3.

sacral plexus

Children that have had chicken pox may experience a reactivation of this viral infection in adulthood, which is known as

shingles

The functions of the vagus nerves include __________.

stimulation of glandular secretions from digestive and accessory digestive organs and increased motility of the digestive tract

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the posterior division of the brachial plexus?

supinator

Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?

sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia

The nerve fibers that form the M of the brachial plexus are derived from which portions of the plexus?

the anterior divisions form the medial and lateral cords, which branch to form the distinctive M of the brachial plexus.

Which answer choice correctly identifies functions of the hypoglossal nerve?

tongue movements during speech and swallowing

Branches of the__________cranial nerve are desensitized when a dentist gives a shot of Novocain which prevents pain impulse transmission from the teeth and gums.

trigeminal

Where are cell bodies of somatic motor neurons located?

ventral horn of spinal cord

The__________nerve transmits afferent impulses for the special senses of hearing and balance.

vestibulocochlear