Ch. 14 Architecture

Gothic

a pointed arch is steeper the a round arch, and therefore sends its weight more directly downward, but a substantial sideways thrust must be countered in tall buildings

Colonnade

a row of columns spanned, or connected, by beams

Arcade

a series of arches supported by columns

Dome

an arch rotated 180 degrees on its vertical axis, may be hemispherical or pointed

Masonry

building technique in which stones or bricks are laid atop one another in a pattern

Pendentives

dome of Hagia Sophia rests on curving triangular sets over a square base

Arch/Vault

dominant structure prior to the twentieth century

Buttresses

elaborate supports, stick at right angles to the outer walls

Curtain Walls

exterior walls did not have to carry weight, made of glass

Bauhaus

german word meaning "house of building", was a school founded in 1919 in Weimer, Germany by architect Walter Gropius

Balloon Frame

heavy timbers are replaced with thin studs held together only with nails, leading to vastly reduced construction time and wood consumption

What are the traditional methods of construction used in architecture?

masonry, post and beam, round arch, pointed beam

Pier

more massive version of a column; supports arch

How are environmental concerns affecting architecture today?

placement of building, heat resistant windows to conserve energy, 1st time give thought of material, choice of mater, use fire retarted material, gardens on roof, rain water conservation, water/heat/light (solar panels, more natural light. LED lights)

What impact has the development of high-strength structural steel had on architecture?

steel frames and elevators together with rising urban land values, impelled a fresh approach to structure and form; skyscrapers, fall and function

Dressed

stones are cut or shaped before use

Keystone

the final stone that is set on top of the arch; when this is placed, a continuos arch with load-bearing capacity is created and the wood support is removed

Post-and-Beam

the form is determined by strengths and weaknesses of materials used, dominant structure prior to the twentieth century

Flying Buttresses

the outward force of the arched vault is carried to large buttresses by stone half-arches called

Minarets

towers

Trusses

triangular framework used to span or to support

Reinforced Concrete

vaults have been constructed of materials such as cast ____________________

Cantilever

when a beam or slab is extended a substantial distance beyond a supporting column or wall, the overhanging portion is called a

Barrel Vault

when extended in depth, the round arch creates a tunnel-like structure

International Style

younger architects rejected decorative ornamentation and references to the past, as well as traditional stone and wood construction, and they began to think of a building as a useful arrangement of spaces rather than as a mass; expressed the function of each building, its underlying structure, ad a logical (usually asymmetrical) plan that used only modern materials such as concrete, glass, and steel