CH 15 MC Questions

89) Liquefaction of coal produces a fuel that A) increases the energy content of the coal. B) is more conveniently transported. C) contains less hydrogen than coal. D) is mainly methanol

B

90) Which of the following forms of energy is the most convenient? A) coal B) electricity C) natural gas D) petroleum

B

94) Which country leads in percentage of electricity produced by nuclear energy? A) Australia B) France C) Japan D) United States

B

95) Electricity produced from nuclear power is especially important in which part of the United States? A) Southwest B) New England and the Upper Midwest C) West D) Plains

B

84) The number of hydrocarbons that make up the mixture called gasoline is A) less than 100. B) less than 1000. C) more than 2000. D) more than 1,000,000.

B

85) When petroleum is separated in a distillation tower, the fraction that does not vaporize is A) petroleum jelly. B) asphalt. C) lubricants. D) heating oil.

B

87) For most uses, the most convenient form of energy is A) chemical. B) electrical. C) mechanical. D) solar.

B

82) Which of the following products is NOT made from petroleum? A) industrial organic solvents B) detergents C) plastics D) All of the above are made from petroleum.

D

83) The petroleum fraction that has the lowest boiling point is A) gasoline. B) kerosene. C) heating oil. D) natural gas.

D

97) Given the potential benefits and risks associated with nuclear power, the desirability quotient for electrical generation by nuclear power is probably best described as A) low. B) moderate. C) high. D) uncertain.

D

98) Which problem do all electric power plants have in common? A) excess capacity B) release of radioactivity C) sulfur dioxide emission D) thermal pollution

D

1) The SI unit of energy is the A) joule. B) calorie. C) gram. D) watt.

A

17) Which of the following is an endothermic process? A) evaporation of water B) burning of wood C) explosion of dynamite D) discharging of a battery

A

19) The statement "you can't get something for nothing" is another way of expressing A) the first law of thermodynamics. B) the second law of thermodynamics. C) Boyle's law. D) the third law of thermodynamics.

A

24) Which physical state has the lowest entropy? A) solid B) liquid C) gas D) All have the same entropy.

A

26) The second law of thermodynamics defines A) entropy. B) energy. C) heat. D) temperature.

A

30) The number of possible microstates will be greatest for a A) gas. B) liquid. C) solid. D) All will have the same number of microstates.

A

31) Which of the following will have the greatest amount of entropy? A) gas B) liquid C) solid D) All have the same amount of entropy.

A

42) The most abundant fossil fuel in the United States is A) coal. B) natural gas. C) petroleum. D) wood.

A

44) The primary element in coal is A) carbon. B) silicon. C) sulfur. D) nitrogen.

A

45) The highest grade of coal is A) anthracite. B) bituminous. C) lignite. D) peat.

A

47) Given the following analysis of coal samples, which is the best fuel? A) 95% C, 5% O B) 75% C, 25% O C) 50% C, 50% O D) 25% C, 75% O

A

49) A major inconvenience of coal as a fuel is that it is a(n) A) solid. B) liquid. C) gas. D) mixture of all three states.

A

52) When coal containing sulfur is burned, the sulfur is converted to A) gaseous sulfur oxides that go up the smokestack. B) liquid sulfur oxides that stay behind as ash. C) solid sulfur oxides that stay behind as ash. D) Sulfur is converted to all of the above.

A

53) When coal burns A) chemical energy is converted to heat energy. B) heat energy is created. C) chemical energy is destroyed. D) heat energy is converted to electrical energy.

A

81) The major components of petroleum is/are A) benzene. B) water. C) organic compounds of sulfur. D) hydrocarbons.

D

58) Which of the following did NOT contribute significantly to the conversion of plant material to coal? A) There was sufficient oxygen for the cellulose in the plant materials to decay completely. B) The plant material was buried under mud and water, separating it from the atmosphere. C) The plant material was subjected to significant pressure. D) The plant material broke down and small molecules containing a lot of hydrogen and oxygen were given off.

A

65) The main components of petroleum are A) hydrocarbons. B) carbohydrates. C) fats and oils. D) ionic compounds.

A

67) To make crude petroleum more useful, it must be A) distilled. B) filtered. C) reduced. D) washed with water.

A

68) The fraction from the distillation of crude petroleum that is slightly heavier than gasoline is called A) kerosene. B) heating oil. C) lubricating oil. D) asphalt.

A

71) A gasoline with an octane rating of 90 would give the same performance in a standard test engine as a mixture of A) 90% isooctane and 10% heptane. B) 90% heptane and 10% isooctane. C) 90 parts isooctane and 90 parts heptane. D) 90 parts isooctane and 90 parts water.

A

73) Pure heptane would have an octane rating of A) 0. B) 50. C) 75. D) 100.

A

74) In general, a higher proportion of branched chain hydrocarbons in a gasoline formulation A) increases octane rating. B) decreases octane rating. C) burns cleaner. D) burns cooler.

A

75) What metal, when added as a compound, increases octane rating of gasoline? A) Pb B) Hg C) Zn D) Cu

A

76) Catalytic reforming is a process for converting A) low octane rated alkanes into high octane rated aromatics. B) high octane rated alkanes into low octane rated aromatics. C) low octane rated alkanes into high octane rated branched alkanes. D) high octane rated alkanes into low octane rated branched alkanes.

A

79) The heating of large hydrocarbon compounds with a catalyst in the absence of oxygen is called A) cracking. B) catalysis. C) reforming. D) flocculation.

A

91) Which of the following forms of energy is the dirtiest? A) coal B) electricity C) natural gas D) petroleum

A

93) At present, what approximate percentage of electricity generated in the United States comes from nuclear energy? A) 20% B) 75% C) 5% D) 90%

A

96) Control rods in a nuclear reactor are used to A) absorb neutrons and slow down fission. B) absorb neutrons and speed up fission. C) release neutrons and slow down fission. D) release neutrons and speed up fission.

A

10) Which of the following situations would be an example of kinetic energy? A) a compressed spring B) a nuclear explosion C) a tank of gasoline D) a batter waiting for the ball to be pitched

B

13) The decomposition of 2 mol of water to hydrogen and oxygen requires 137 kcal of energy. The reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form 2 mol of water A) requires 137 kcal. B) releases 137 kcal. C) requires more than 137 kcal. D) releases more than 137 kcal.

B

18) The first law of thermodynamics is sometimes called the law of A) conservation of mass. B) conservation of energy. C) creation of energy. D) destruction of energy.

B

2) Approximately what percentage of the total solar radiation that falls upon the earth is immediately reflected back into space? A) 60% B) 30% C) 90% D) 75%

B

20) Another name for the first law of thermodynamics is A) the law of conservation of matter. B) the law of conservation of energy. C) the periodic law of the elements. D) the law of universal gravitation.

B

21) The fact that a heat pump requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the outside of a house) to a hotter object (the inside of the house) is a real life observation of which thermodynamic law? A) the first law B) the second law C) the third law D) the fourth law

B

22) The fact that a refrigerator requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the inside of the refrigerator) to a hotter object (the outside of the refrigerator) is a real life observation of which law of thermodynamics? A) first law B) second law C) third law D) fourth law

B

28) In any conversion of energy from one form to another, some of the energy ends up as A) entropy. B) heat. C) electricity. D) radioactivity.

B

29) The inevitable energy lost as heat in the generation of electrical energy in the most efficient fossil fuel based power plant is a result of A) the first law of thermodynamics. B) the second law of thermodynamics. C) a poor understanding of energy conversion. D) designed inefficiencies to increase costs to the consumer.

B

3) Approximately what percentage of solar radiation is used to power the water cycle? A) 55% B) 25% C) 90% D) 10%

B

32) Perhaps the first mechanical device used to convert energy into a more useful form was the A) steam engine. B) waterwheel. C) windmill. D) nuclear reactor.

B

34) Fuels are ________ forms of matter. A) oxidized B) reduced C) acidic D) basic

B

36) Which one of the following is a nonfuel? A) H2 B) CCl4 C) CH4 D) C8H18

B

37) Fuels are A) oxidized forms of matter. B) reduced forms of matter. C) capable of being reduced. D) either oxidized or reduced forms of matter

B

41) A substance that burns readily and releases significant amounts of energy is a(n) A) reducing agent. B) fuel. C) endotherm. D) catalyst.

B

43) The United States is estimated to have approximately what percentage of the world's coal reserves? A) 10% B) 25% C) 40% D) 80%

B

54) When coal is heated in the absence of air, the solid left behind is called A) coal. B) coke. C) coal tar. D) carbon.

B

56) Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using coal as a fuel source? A) SO2 is released and contributes to air pollution. B) Coal is the least abundant of the fossil fuels. C) Strip mining is devastating to the environment. D) The cost of transporting coal to power plants or factories is high.

B

60) The major component of natural gas is A) hexane. B) methane. C) pentane. D) ethane.

B

62) Natural gas is mainly A) CO2. B) CH4. C) SO2. D) CO and H2.

B

63) Natural gas burns with a relatively clean flame. Which of the following potential pollutants is produced in significant quantities during the combustion of natural gas in air? A) sulfur oxides B) nitrogen oxides C) metal oxides D) All of the above are produced in significant quantities.

B

69) The yield of gasoline from crude petroleum can be increased by A) catalytic cracking of lighter fractions. B) catalytic cracking of heavier fractions. C) simple distillation. D) vacuum distillation.

B

99) Tailings are the name for A) radioactive waste from spent nuclear fuel. B) radioactive waste produced during the mining of uranium. C) radioactive coolant water. D) radioactive ash from coal fired power plants.

B

15) Burning one mole of propane according to the following reaction: C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O liberates 526 kcal of energy. If all of the coefficients are tripled, how much energy will be released? A) 526 kcal B) 1052 kcal C) 1578 kcal D) 175.3 kcal

C

25) Which physical state has the greatest entropy? A) solid B) liquid C) gas D) All have the same entropy.

C

27) Which of the following does NOT result in an increase in entropy? A) Water boils. B) A child scatters her toys around the room. C) A student cleans his dorm room. D) All of the above result in increased entropy

C

38) Which of the following is a fuel? A) HCl B) H2O C) C D) CO2

C

5) When the overall equation for the photosynthesis process is written and balanced, how many molecules of water are required to make one glucose molecule, C6H12O6? A) 1 B) 3 C) 6 D) 12

C

50) Approximately what percentage of U.S. electricity is generated by the burning of coal? A) 10% B) 30% C) 50% D) 80%

C

51) When coal is burned, mineral impurities are converted to A) sulfur dioxide gas that goes up the smokestack. B) carbon dioxide and water. C) metal oxide solids that remain behind as ash. D) All of the above are products of burning coal.

C

55) When coal is heated in the absence of air, the condensed vapor collected during the heating is called A) coal. B) coke. C) coal tar. D) carbon.

C

57) Coal can be cleaned before it is burned. The flotation method separates coal from its major impurities by taking advantage of the difference in ________ of these materials. A) acidity B) combustion C) density D) volatility

C

6) A watt is A) 1 s/joule. B) 1 cal/s. C) 1 joule/s. D) 1 s/cal.

C

61) An advantage of natural gas as a fuel is that it is A) more abundant than coal. B) easy to locate and extract. C) the cleanest of the fossil fuels. D) All of the above are advantages.

C

66) Recent evidence indicates that petroleum is derived from A) plants. B) microscopic land animals. C) microscopic marine animals. D) decomposition of volcanic ash.

C

8) The thin film of air, water, and soil in which all life exists is only about 15 km thick and is called the A) atmosphere. B) stratosphere. C) biosphere. D) hemisphere.

C

86) The EROEI for ethanol has been estimated to be between 1.67:1 to 0.78:1. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the low ethanol EROEI values? A) Ethanol has a lower fuel content than petroleum fuels. B) Large amounts of energy are required to distill the ethanol after it is formed. C) Some ethanol is changed to methane (CH4) during the distillation process, so less ethanol is recovered. D) All of these are reasons for low ethanol EROEI values.

C

88) Approximately what percentage of the chemical energy of a fossil fuel electrical power plant is "lost" as heat energy? A) 20% B) 40% C) 60% D) 80%

C

9) All of the following examples are classified as potential energy EXCEPT A) energy stored by position. B) energy in nuclear particles. C) energy of a moving object. D) energy in chemical bonds.

C

92) The conversion of coal to gas results in the production of synthesis gas. Synthesis gas is a mixture of A) C and H2O B) CH4 and H2O C) CO and H2 D) CH4 and H2

C

100) You cannot make a bomb from reactor grade uranium because it A) is not radioactive enough. B) is too well guarded. C) would explode prematurely. D) is not enriched enough in uranium-235.

D

11) Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis? A) CO2 B) H2O C) H2S D) O2

D

12) Burning 1 mol of methane in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water produces 803 kJ of energy. How much energy is produced when 3 mol of methane is burned? A) 268 kJ B) 1205 kJ C) 803 kJ D) 2409 kJ

D

14) Which of the following will cause the rate of a chemical reaction to speed up? A) raising the temperature B) increasing the concentration of reactants C) adding a catalyst D) All of these will speed up the rate of a reaction.

D

16) According to kinetic-molecular theory, reactions occur more rapidly at higher temperatures because A) molecules move faster at higher temperatures. B) molecules collide more frequently at higher temperatures. C) molecules have more energy at higher temperatures. D) All of the above are true.

D

23) Recycling of aluminum beverage cans is an example of the fact that A) increasing entropy is a spontaneous process. B) increasing entropy is a nonspontaneous process. C) decreasing entropy is a spontaneous process. D) decreasing entropy is a nonspontaneous process.

D

33) The first fuel was A) coal. B) petroleum. C) blubber. D) wood.

D

35) Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel? A) coal B) natural gas C) petroleum D) wood

D

39) Prior to the middle of the 1700s, the major fuel used was A) coal. B) natural gas. C) petroleum. D) wood.

D

4) The solar energy absorbing molecules of plants that power photosynthesis are called A) carbohydrates. B) photovoltaics. C) solarases. D) chlorophylls.

D

40) Approximately what percentage of the energy used to support our current lifestyle comes from fossil fuels? A) 50% B) 35% C) 15% D) over 85%

D

46) The lowest grade of coal is A) anthracite. B) bituminous. C) lignite. D) peat.

D

48) Most of the coal that exists today was formed ________ years ago. A) 100 B) 1000 C) 1 million D) over 100 million

D

59) Which of the following forms of coal has the lowest fuel content? A) anthracite B) bituminous C) lignite D) peat

D

64) Petroleum is best described as a(n) A) pure substance. B) compound. C) simple mixture. D) complex mixture.

D

7) How many joules of energy will a stock tank heater rated at 1500 watts use in a 24 hour period? A) 1500 B) 1500 × 24 × 60 C) 1500 × 3600 D) 1500 × 24 × 3600

D

70) Gasoline is a A) compound. B) pure substance. C) simple mixture of C5 - C12 hydrocarbons. D) complex mixture of C5- C12hydrocarbons

D

72) Pure isooctane would have an octane rating of A) 0. B) 50. C) 75. D) 100.

D

77) A compound that replaced tetraethyllead as an octane booster is A) benzene. B) heptane. C) isooctane. D) methyl tert-butyl ether.

D

78) Which substance is most effective in raising the octane rating of gasoline? A) benzene B) ethanol C) methyl tert-butyl ether D) tetraethyllead

D

80) Which of the following petroleum fractions has the highest boiling point? A) fuel oil B) gasoline C) heating oil D) lubricants

D