Ch. 16 Blood Mastering A&P II

B. intrinsic pathway

A test tube of Maggie's blood goes unused in the lab, and the stagnant blood coagulates. This is due to which pathway of blood clotting? A. extrinsic pathway B. intrinsic pathway

A. whole blood (blood that is the normal consistency of blood in the body)

Assuming all of the following fluid-replacement options are equal (with respect to risks, availability, and cost), which would be the most optimal for Maggie when you consider her significant blood loss? A. whole blood (blood that is the normal consistency of blood in the body) B. packed cells (concentrated RBCs with most plasma removed) C. normal saline solution (no RBCs, just water and NaCl that is the approximate consistency of plasma minus the proteins) D. free water (no added solutes)

D. The stomach makes intrinsic factor, which is required for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine.

Based on Harold's history of gastritis, his doctor ordered a blood test in order to measure his levels of vitamin B12. Which of the following explains why his doctor would take this action? A. The stomach makes vitamin B12 and damage could lead to less being made. B. Gastritis is an inflammatory condition, and inflammatory cells destroy vitamin B12. C. High levels of circulating vitamin B12 can cause gastritis. D. The stomach makes intrinsic factor, which is required for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine.

C. fatigue, dizziness, and low hematocrit

Doctors have determined that Harold is anemic. Which of the following pieces of evidence directly supports this diagnosis? A. tachycardia, headaches, and elevated neutrophil count B. dizziness, difficulty breathing, and elevated basophil count C. fatigue, dizziness, and low hematocrit D. nausea, elevated WBC, and low RBC

C. Harold is showing signs and symptoms of having trouble oxygenating his tissues. The elevated heart rate helps to compensate for this problem.

Harold's doctor noted that he was experiencing a mild tachycardia. Which of the following best explains why Harold would be experiencing tachycardia in this case? A. Harold has lost a significant amount of blood volume. The elevated heart rate helps to compensate for this problem. B. Harold is showing signs and symptoms of having a clotting disorder. The elevated heart rate helps to compensate for this problem. C. Harold is showing signs and symptoms of having trouble oxygenating his tissues. The elevated heart rate helps to compensate for this problem. D. The elevated heart rate is causing his gastritis because inflammatory cells are being delivered to his stomach at a faster-than-normal rate.

A. four

How many oxygen molecules can be transported by one hemoglobin molecule? A. four B. two C. eight

C. O-

If Maggie needed a blood transfusion immediately upon her arrival to the ED, before her blood type could be established, what type could be safely transfused? A. O+ B. AB- C. O- D. No blood type can be safely transfused into every person.

D. A-

In the laboratory, the technician determines Maggie's blood type. Maggie's blood agglutinates in anti-A antibodies, but has no reaction in anti-B or anti-D antibodies. What is Maggie's blood type? A. B- B. B+ C. A+ D. A-

B. 32%. This value is low for a woman.

Maggie's cuts are successfully treated, and the physician elects not to transfuse any blood products. A week later she visits her primary physician to have her sutures removed, and her hematocrit has improved. Calculate this HCT: the total volume is 5 ml, and the plasma volume is 3.4 ml. Is it normal? A. 74%. This value is high for a woman. B. 32%. This value is low for a woman. C. 32%. This value is normal for a woman. D. 46%. This value is normal for a woman.

A. erythropoiesis

Specifically, what is the production of red blood cells called? A. erythropoiesis B. hemostasis C. leukopoiesis D. thalassemia

A. agglutination and hemolysis

The infusion of mismatched blood causes a "transfusion reaction" in which the infused RBCs go through __________. A. agglutination and hemolysis B. inflammation-induced anticoagulation C. erythropoiesis D. excessive coagulation

C. plasma

The majority of whole blood is __________. A. erythrocytes B. leukocytes C. plasma D. platelets

C. neutrophils

The most abundant leukocytes are __________. A. monocytes B. basophils C. neutrophils D. lymphocytes

D. leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes

The three types of formed elements of blood are ________. A. erythrocytes, leukocytes, and plasma B. leukocytes, plasma proteins, and platelets C. plasma proteins, erythrocytes, and leukocytes D. leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes

B. plasma, erythrocytes

The two most abundant components of whole blood, in order of most abundant and second-most abundant, are _________. A. leukocytes, erythrocytes B. plasma, erythrocytes C. erythrocytes, platelets D. plasma, leukocytes

B. pernicious anemia

There are many different types of anemia. Based on the evidence in this case, what type of anemia does Harold likely have? A. hemorrhagic anemia B. pernicious anemia C. hemolytic anemia D. iron-deficient anemia

D. A- and O-

What blood type(s) can Maggie safely receive? A. O- only B. A- only C. B+ and O+ D. A- and O-

B. oxygen-poor blood

What does dark red blood indicate? A. pH of blood B. oxygen-poor blood C. oxygen-rich blood D. saltiness of blood

B. pernicious anemia

What erythrocyte production disorder results from an autoimmune disease associated with vitamin B12 absorption? A. renal anemia B. pernicious anemia C. aplastic anemia D. hemorrhagic anemia

A. Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample.

What is hematocrit a measure of? A. Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample. B. Hematocrit is the percentage of plasma in a whole blood sample. C. Hematocrit is the percentage of leukocytes and platelets in a whole blood sample. D. Hematocrit is the percentage of formed elements in a whole blood sample.

D. hemoglobin

What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that allows for respiratory gas transport? A. antibodies B. fibrinogen C. albumin D. hemoglobin

B. bone marrow

What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis? A. kidneys B. bone marrow C. liver D. lungs

D. a portion of the heme group

What part of the hemoglobin molecule is recycled to form bile? A. globin B. iron C. ferritin D. a portion of the heme group

A. The kidneys detect low levels of oxygen in the blood.

What role do the kidneys play in erythropoiesis? A. The kidneys detect low levels of oxygen in the blood. B. The kidneys make new red blood cells. C. The kidneys absorb iron from food. D. The kidneys store iron for the production of red blood cells.

B. reduced availability of oxygen

What triggers erythropoietin (EPO) production to make new red blood cells? A. too many platelets B. reduced availability of oxygen C. excess oxygen in the bloodstream D. too many erythrocytes

A. neutrophils

When a person has an acute bacterial infection, such as meningitis or appendicitis, which type of leukocyte increases in number? A. neutrophils B. eosinophils C. basophils D. lymphocytes

C. oxyhemoglobin

When oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, what bright red molecule is formed? A. hematocrit B. carbaminohemoglobin C. oxyhemoglobin D. deoxyhemoglobin

B. basophils

When we take anti-histamines, we are countering the effects of which type of leukocyte? A. neutrophils B. basophils C. lymphocytes D. eosinophils

D. platelets

Which formed element can be described as cytoplasmic fragments? A. erythrocytes B. lymphocytes C. monocytes D. platelets

A. antibodies

Which of the following is NOT a formed element of the blood? A. antibodies B. elatelets C. leukocytes D. erythrocytes

D. platelets

Which of the following is best suited to the clotting process that occurs when blood vessels are ruptured? A. megakaryocyte B. lymphocytes C. megakaryoblast D. platelets

A. Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave discs.

Which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte? A. Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave discs. B. Erythrocytes are cell fragments. C. Erythrocytes are a fixed shape and cannot change shape. D. Erythrocytes are nucleated cells.

D. hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC

Which of the following sets of measurements from Harold's CBC does his doctor use to evaluate his body's ability to oxygenate his tissues? A. neutrophil, basophil, platelet count B. WBC, hematocrit, platelet count C. WBC, neutrophil, basophil count D. hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC

C. WBC, neutrophil, basophil count

Which of the following sets of measurements from Harold's CBC does his doctor use to evaluate the health of his immune system? A. hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count B. WBC, hematocrit, platelet count C. WBC, neutrophil, basophil count D. neutrophil, basophil, platelet count

D. amino acids of globin

Which part of the hemoglobin molecule binds carbon dioxide for transport? A. heme group B. spectrin C. iron D. amino acids of globin

B. lymphocytes

Which type of leukocyte is responsible for antibody production? A. basophils B. lymphocytes C. monocytes D. eosinophils