Ch 17 bio
Which of the following is not true of RNA processing
Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.
True or false. A tRNA with an anticodon complementary to the stop codon catalyzes the reaction by which translation is terminated.
False
True or false? A codon is a group of three bases that can specify more than one amino acid.
False
What is the process called that converts genetic info stored in DNA to an RNA copy
Transcription
The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is
complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon
In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until
several transcription factors have bound to the promoter
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is
3' UCA 5'
At which site do new aminoacyl tRNAs enter the ribosome during elongation?
A-site
Which of the following processes occurs in eukaryotic gene expression
A cap is added to the 5' end of the mRNA
The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following?
A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.
During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 3' end of the RNA
A long string of adenine nucleotides
During elongation, which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read?
A site
What is a promoter?
A site in DNA that recruits the RNA Polymerase
Which do the following processes occurs when termination of translation takes place
A stop codon is reached
Which of the following structures, if missing, would usually prevent translation from starting
AUG codon
post-translational modification of proteins may include which of the following processes
Addition of carbohydrates to form a glycoprotein
What determines which base is to be added to an RNA strand during transcription
Base pairing between the DNA template strand and the RNA nucleotides
The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence _____.
CUG
Which component is not directly involved in translation?
DNA
Which of the following is not true of codon
It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule.
What happens to RNA polymerase II after it has completed transcription of a gene?
It is free to bind to another promoter and begin transcription.
The genetic code is redundant. What is meant by this statement
More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid.
Which mutation(s) would not change the remainder of the reading frame of a gene sequence that follows the mutation(s)?
One addition and one deletion mutation.
The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site.
P site
Which of the following processes occurs during transcription
RNA is synthesized
Which of the following molecular structures contain codons
mRNA
What name is given to the process which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA
RNA processing
Which one of the following statements about RNA processing is correct
Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.
Which of the following steps occurs last in the initiation phase of translation
The large ribosomal subunit joins the complex.
Best describes the promoter of a protein-coding gene
The promoter is a non-transcribed region of a gene
What is meant by translocation
The ribosome slides one codon down the mRNA.
Which of the following DNA mutations is most likely to damage the protein it specifies
a base-pair deletion
The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. This results in
a polypeptide missing an amino acid
What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA?
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Polypeptides are assembled from _____.
amino acids
Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the
bonding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs
Relationship between the newly synthesized RNA molecule and the DNA template strand
complementary
Translation occurs in the _____.
cytoplasm
If a DNA sequence is altered from TAGCTGA to TAGTGA, what kind of mutation has occurred?
deletion
The RNA segments joined to one another by spliceosomes are _____.
exons
DNA——> ___________——>Proteins
mRNA
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.
mRNA
Which nucleic acid is translated to make a protein?
mRNA
Which do the following molecules are required for the process of translation
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 5' end of the RNA.
modified guanine nucleotide
DNA does not store the information to synthesize which of the following?
organelles
Example of post translational modification
phosphorylation
Where does translation take place?
ribosome
Spliceosomes are composed of _____.
small RNAs and proteins
What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA
transcription
Which of the following processes occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes
transcription and translation occur simultaneously
What name is given to the process in which info encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein
translation