Ch. 17 (I hope)

Winfield Scott

"Old Fuss and Feathers", whose conquest of Mexico City brought U.S. victory in the Mexican War. (B)

the nomination of James K. Polk as the Democrats' 1844 presidential candidate was secured by

(a) southern expansionists

26. In 1846 the U.S. went to war with Mexico for all of the following reasons except a. the ideology of Manifest Destiny b. the deaths of American soldiers at the hands of Mexicans c. the desire to gain payment for damage claims against the Mexican government d. the impulse to satisfy those asking for "spot" resolutions e. Polk's desire to acquire California

...

27. President Polk's claim that "American blood [had been shed] on the American soil" referred to news of an armed clash between Mexican and American troops near a. San Francisco b. the Nueces River c. Santa Fe d. the Rio Grande e. San Antonio

...

28. During the Mexican War, the Polk administration was called upon several times to respond to "spot" resolutions indicating where American blood had been shed to provoke the war. The resolutions were frequently introduced by a. Abraham Lincoln b. Henry Clay c. Robert Walker d. David Wilmot e. Lewis Cass

...

Oregon Trail

2,00 mile long pioneer trail that began in Missouri and crossed the great plains into the Oregon country.

British support for the Texas Republic

Increased American determination to annex Texas. (D)

Texas

Independent nation that was the object of British, Mexican, and French scheming in the early 1840s. (J)

Daniel Webster

Leader of the Whig Party, negotiated an end to Maine boundary dispute in 1842. (E)

In the 1840s the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation stretching across North America was called

Manifest destiny

Santa Anna

Mexican military leader who failed to stop humiliating American invasion of his country. (I)

Britain

Nation that strongly backed independence for Texas, hoping to turn it into an economic asset and antislavery bastion.

54*40'

Northern boundary of Oregon territory jointly occupied with Britain, advocated by Democratic party and others as the desired line of American expansion.

California

Rich Mexican province that Polk tried to buy and Mexico refused to sell.

Nunces River

River that Mexico claimed as the Texas-Mexico boundary, crossed by Taylor's troops in 1846.

Liberty Party

Small anti-slavery party that took enough votes from Henry Clay to cost him the election of 1844.

Rapidly growing American settlement in Oregon

Strengthened American claims to the Columbia River country and made Britain more willing to compromise. (J)

President Polk's claim that "American blood had been shed on the American soil" referred to news of an armed clash between Mexican and American troops near

The rio grande

The rapid Senate ratification of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Thwarted a growing movement calling for the United States to annex all of Mexico. (A)

Because the two-thirds vote necessary for a treaty of annexation could not be obtained in the Senate, Texas was annexed by a simple majority resolution of both houses of Congress.

True

The "Aroostook War" over the Maine boundary was settled by a territorial compromise in the Webster-Ashburton Treaty.

True

The outcome of the Mexican War became a source of continuing bad feeling between the United States and much of Latin America.

True

The "Aroostook War" involved

a battle between British and American sailors over impressment.

The major domestic consequence of the Mexican War was

a sharp revival of the issue of slavery.

16. The nomination of James K. Polk as the Democrats' 1844 presidential candidate was secured by a. expansionists b. anti-Texas southerners c. Henry Clay d. Eastern business interests e. Proslavery forces

a. expansionists

after President John Tyler's veto of a bill to establish a new Bank of United States

all of the above (he was expelled from the Whig Party, All but on member of his cabinet resigned, an attempt was made in the House of Representatives to impeach him, Tyler also vetoes a Whig-sponsored high-tariff bill)

The californo's political ascendancy in california ended

as a result of the influx of anglo golddiggers

12. Texas was annexed to the U.S. as a result of a. Senate approval of the Treaty of Annexation b. President Tyler's desire to help his troubled administration c. a presidential order by Andrew Jackson d. the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo e. a compromise to admit free-state Iowa at the same time

b. President Tyler's desire to help his troubled administration

31. Match each American officer below with his theater of command in the Mexican War. A. Stephen W. Kearny 1. northern Mexico B. Zachary Taylor 2. California C. Winfield Scott 3. Santa Fe D. John C. Fremont 4. Mexico City a. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 b. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 c. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 d. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 e. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

b. b. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 Stephen W. Kearny - Santa Fe; Zachary Taylor - northern Mexico; Winfield Scott - Mexico City; John C. Frémont - California

35. The Wilmot Proviso, introduced into Congress during the Mexican War, declared that a. Mexican territory would not be annexed to the U.S. b. slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the U.S. c. the U.S. should annex all of Mexico d. the U.S. should have to pay Mexico a financial indemnity for having provoked a war e. slavery in the territories would be determined by democratic vote

b. slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the U.S.

5. During an 1837 Canadian insurrection against Britain, a. the U.S. stayed neutral in word and action b. the U.S. imprisoned several American violators of neutrality c. America was invaded by the British d. Canada warned the U.S. to stay out of the conflict e. the U.S. government plotted to annex Canada

c. America was invaded by the British

30. When the war with Mexico began, President Polk a. advocated taking all of Mexico b. found that he could trust dethroned Mexican dictator Santa Anna c. hoped to fight a limited war, ending with the conquest of California d. supported a large-scale conflict e. denied any intention of expanding slavery

c. hoped to fight a limited war, ending with the conquest of california

21. The group most supportive of gaining control of all the Oregon Country was the a. southern Democrats b. Whigs c. northern Democrats d. Californians e. protestant missionaries

c. northern Democrats

38. The Spanish Franciscan missionaries treated the native inhabitants of California a. according to the principles of their founder, St. Francis b. well but refused to convert them to Christianity c. very harshly d. better than they treated their African slaves e. as capable of civilization if educated

c. very harshly

John Tyler joined the Whig party because he

could not stomach the dictatorial tactics of andrew jackson

6. As a result of the Panic of 1837, a. the U.S. established restrictions on foreign loans b. Britain lent money to America, its close ally c. anti-British passions cooled in America d. the Democrats led America into war for more territory e. several states defaulted on their debts to Britain

e. several states defaulted on their debts to Britain

37. The first Old World Europeans to come to California were a. Russians b. French c. Dutch d. English e. Spanish

e. spanish

49th Parallel

line at which the Oregon Territory was drawn in 1846.

most Americans who migrated to the Oregon Country were attracted by the

rich soil of the Willamette River Valley

Britain eventually lost out in the contest for the disputed Oregon territory because

the rapidly growing number of American settlers overwhelmed the small British population.

one reason that the British government decided to compromise on the Oregon Country border was

their belief that the territory was not worth fighting over

Joint Resolutions

Act of both houses of Congress by which Texas was annexed.

Conscience Whigs

Anti-slavery Whigs who opposed both the Texas annexation and the Mexican War on moral grounds.

Wilmot Proviso

Bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico

The final result of the British-American conflict over the Oregon country in 1844-1846 was

a compromise agreement on a border at the forty-ninth parallel.

the Aroostook War was the result of

a dispute over the northern boundary of maine

33. Those people most opposed to President Polk's expansionist program were the a. western Democrats b. antislavery forces c. senate Democrats d. supporters of Nicholas P. Trist e. proslavery Whigs

b. antislavery forces

36. The largest single addition to American territory was a. the Louisiana Purchase b. the Mexican Cession c. the Oregon Country d. the Old Northwest e. Alaska

b. the mexican cession

4. The only member of President Tyler's Whig cabinet who did not resign in protest over his policies was a. Henry Clay b. Zachary Taylor c. Robert Walker d. Daniel Webster e. Millard Fillmore

d. Daniel Webster

22. In the Oregon treaty with Britain in 1846, the northern boundary of the U.S. was established to the Pacific Ocean along the line of a. 42 degrees b. 52 degrees, 40 minutes c. 54 degrees, 40 minutes d. 36 degrees, 30 minutes e. 49 degrees

e. 49 degrees

20. The election of 1844 was notable because a. the campaign raised not real issues b. a genuine mandate emerged c. it was fought over numerous issues d. Polk won the electoral vote but lost the popular vote e. it brought the slavery issue into politics

e. it brought the slavery issue into politics

As a result of the panic of 1837,

several states defaulted on their debts to britain

Those people most opressed to President James K. Polk's expansionist program were the...

(b) antislavery forces

One argument against annexing Texas to the U.S. was that the annexation

(b) might give more powers to the supporters of slavery

Texas was annexed to the United States as a result of

(b) president tyler's desire to help his troubled administration

The Spanish Franciscan missionaries treated the native inhabitants of California

(c) very harshly

29. One goal of Mexico in its 1846-1848 war with the U.S. was to a. demonstrate the strength of Latino culture b. regain control of Texas c. capture slaves and take them back to Mexico d. force America to make good on unpaid claims of damages to Mexican citizens e. free black slaves

...

30. When the war with Mexico began, President Polk a. advocated taking all of Mexico b. found that he could trust dethroned Mexican dictator Santa Anna c. hoped to fight a limited war, ending with the conquest of California d. supported a large-scale conflict e. denied any intention of expanding slavery

...

31. Match each American officer below with his theater of command in the Mexican War. A. Stephen W. Kearny 1. northern Mexico B. Zachary Taylor 2. California C. Winfield Scott 3. Santa Fe D. John C. Fremont 4. Mexico City a. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 b. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 c. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 d. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 e. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

...

32. The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ending the Mexican War included a. a guarantee of the rights of Mexicans living in New Mexico b. U.S. annexation of Texas c. the banning of slavery from all territory ceded to the U.S. d. a requirement that Mexico pay $3.25 million in damages to the U.S. e. U.S. payment of $15 million for cession of northern Mexico

...

33. Those people most opposed to President Polk's expansionist program were the a. western Democrats b. antislavery forces c. senate Democrats d. supporters of Nicholas P. Trist e. proslavery Whigs

...

34. The Wilmot Proviso a. symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories b. gained House and Senate approval in 1846 c. settled once and for all the issue of slavery in California d. allowed slavery in the territory take from Mexico in 1848 e. left open the issue of slavery in New Mexico and Utah

...

35. The Wilmot Proviso, introduced into Congress during the Mexican War, declared that a. Mexican territory would not be annexed to the U.S. b. slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the U.S. c. the U.S. should annex all of Mexico d. the U.S. should have to pay Mexico a financial indemnity for having provoked a war e. slavery in the territories would be determined by democratic vote

...

36. The largest single addition to American territory was a. the Louisiana Purchase b. the Mexican Cession c. the Oregon Country d. the Old Northwest e. Alaska

...

37. The first Old World Europeans to come to California were a. Russians b. French c. Dutch d. English e. Spanish

...

38. The Spanish Franciscan missionaries treated the native inhabitants of California a. according to the principles of their founder, St. Francis b. well but refused to convert them to Christianity c. very harshly d. better than they treated their African slaves e. as capable of civilization if educated

...

39. When the Mexican government secularized authority in California, a. missionaries gained power b. slavery became an accepted practice c. convicts brought in by Spain were expelled d. California's Indians received better treatment e. Californios eventually gained control of the land

...

40. The Californio's political ascendancy in California ended a. with the arrival of Franciscan friars b. as a result of the influx of Anglo golddiggers c. when Mexico gained control of the area in 1826 d. when agriculture became more profitable than mining e. when the U.S.government made English mandatory

...

During the Mexican War, who sponsored several "spot" resolutions protesting US involvement? The resolutions were frequently introduced by

Abraham Lincoln

During an 1837 Canadian insurrection against Britain

America was invaded by the British

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the Mexican War provided for

American acquisition of about half of Mexico and payment of several million dollars in compensation.

Among the major sources of the tension between Britain and the United States in the 1840s was

American involvement in Canadian rebellions and border disputes.

Zachary Taylor

American military hero who invaded northern Mexico from Texas in 1846-1847. (K)

Arrange the following in chronological order annexation of Texas, Webster Ashburton Treaty, settlement of the Oregon boundary, Aroostook War

Aroostook War, Western Ashburton Treaty, annexation of Texas, settlement of the Oregon boundary (DBAC)

Arrange the following in chronological order: A. Bear Flag Revolt B. Slidell Mission Rejected C. Declaration of War on Mexico D. American Troops ordered to the rio grande valley

B D C A

Which of the following was not among the reasons why Britain strongly supported an independent Texas?

Britain was interested in eventually incorporating Texas into the British empire.

the British American dispute over the border of Maine was solved

By a compromise that gave both sides some territory

When the Mexican government secularized authority in California

Californios eventually gained control of the land

Rio Grande

Claimed by United States as southern boundary of Texas. (F)

Aroostook War

Clash over the Maine-Canada boundary where a road was proposed to connect Halifax and Quebec. (H)

David Wilmot

Congressional author of resolution forbidding slavery in territory acquired from Mexico. (L)

Abraham Lincoln

Congressional author of the "spot resolutions" criticizing the Mexican War. (A)

The phrase "spot resolutions" refers to

Congressman Abraham Lincoln's resolution demanding to know the exact spot of American soil where American blood had supposedly been shed.

The upsurge of Manifest Destiny in the 1840's

Created widespread popular support for Polk's expansionist policies on Texas, Oregon, and California. (I)

James K. Polk

Dark-horse presidential winner in 1844 who effectively carried out ambitious expansionist campaign plans. (M)

John C. Fremont

Dashing explorer/adventurer who led the overthrow of Mexican rule in California after war broke out. (G)

The overwhelming American military victory over Mexico

Enabled the United States to take vast territories in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. (B)

The main American military campaign that finally captured Mexico City was commanded by

General Winfield Scott.

"Manifest Destiny" represented the widespread American belief that

God had destined the United States to expand across the whole North American continent.

The Wilmot Proviso

Heated up the slavery controversy between North and South. (F)

Polk's frustration at Mexico's refusal to sell California

Helped lead to a controversial confrontation with Mexico along the Texas border. (C)

Henry Clay

Leader of Senate Whigs and unsuccessful presidential candidate against Polk in 1844. (C)

John Tyler

Leader who was elected on the Whig ticket but spent most of his presidency in bitter feuds with his fellow Whigs.

John Tyler

Leader who was elected on the Whig ticket but spent most of his presidency in bitter feuds with his fellow Whigs. (O)

Nicholas Trist

Long-winded American diplomat who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. (D)

The immediate cause of the Mexican War was

Mexican refusal to sell California and a dispute over the Texas boundary.

Oregon

Northwestern territory in dispute between Britain and the United States, subject of "Manifest Destiny" rhetoric in 1844. (N)

Texas was finally admitted to the Union in 1844 as a result of

President Tyler's interpretation of the election of 1844 as a "mandate" to acquire Texas.

Spot Resolution

Resolution offered by Congressman Abraham Lincoln demanding to know the precise location where Mexicans had allegedly shed American blood on the "America" soil.

Strong American hostility to Britain

Sparked bitter feuds over Canadian rebels, the boundaries of Maine and Oregon, and other issues. (G)

Tyler's refusal to carry out his own Whig party's policies

Split the Whigs and caused the entire cabinet except Webster to resign. (E)

Arrange in chronological order the United States' acquisition of Oregon, Texas, California

Texas, Oregon, California

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Treaty which ended the Mexican War in 1848; Mexico gave up claims to Texas and accepted the Rio Grande River as the boundary between Mexico and U.S.; for $15 million Mexico ceded (handed over) CA and NM

A primary motive driving Americans to annex Texas was fear that the Lone Star Republic would become an ally or protectorate of Britain.

True

In the dispute with Britain over Oregon, the United States repeatedly demanded control of the whole territory as far north as "fifty-four forty."

True

In the election of 1844, Clay lost to Polk partly because he tried to straddle the Texas annexation issue and thus lost antislavery support.

True

Polk's victory in 1844 was interpreted as a mandate for Manifest Destiny and led directly to the annexation of Texas and a favorable settlement of the Oregon dispute.

True

The overwhelming American military victory over Mexico led some Americans to call for the United States to take over all of Mexico.

True

Clay's unsuccessful attempts to straddle the Texas issue

Turned antislavery voters to the Liberty party and helped elect the expansionist Polk. (H)

The terms of the treaty of guadalupe-hidalgo ending the mexican war included

United States payment of $15 million for the cession of northern Mexico

28. During the Mexican War, the Polk administration was called upon several times to respond to "spot" resolutions indicating where American blood had been shed to provoke the war. The resolutions were frequently introduced by a. Abraham Lincoln b. Henry Clay c. Robert Walker d. David Wilmot e. Lewis Cass

a. abraham lincoln

15. Most Americans who migrated to the Oregon Country were attracted by the a. rich soil of the Willamette River Valley b. expectation of fighting British troops c. potential profits in the fur trade d. discovery of gold and sliver in the Cascade Mountains e. hope of finding a better trade route to East Asia

a. rich soil of the Willamette River Valley

34. The Wilmot Proviso a. symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories b. gained House and Senate approval in 1846 c. settled once and for all the issue of slavery in California d. allowed slavery in the territory take from Mexico in 1848 e. left open the issue of slavery in New Mexico and Utah

a. symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories

the whigs placed John Tyler on the 1840 ticket as vice president to

attract the vote of states rightists

40. The Californio's political ascendancy in California ended a. with the arrival of Franciscan friars b. as a result of the influx of Anglo golddiggers c. when Mexico gained control of the area in 1826 d. when agriculture became more profitable than mining e. when the U.S.government made English mandatory

b. as a result of the influx of Anglo golddiggers

7. The British-American dispute over the border of Maine was solved a. by war b. by a compromise that gave each side some territory c. when America was given all of the territory in question d. by the Caroline incident e. by admitting Maine into the Union and New Brunswick into Canada

b. by a compromise that gave each side some territory

1. John Tyler joined the Whig party because he a. thought that it was the easiest way to become president b. could not stomach the dictatorial tactics of Andrew Jackson c. was forced to resign from the Senate d. believed in its pro-bank position e. believed it better represented Virginia's interests

b. could not stomach the dictatorial tactics of Andrew Jackson

11. One argument against annexing Texas to the U.S. was that the annexation a. could involve the country in a series of ruinous wars in America and Europe b. might give more power to the supporters of slavery c. was not supported by the people of Texas d. offered little of value to America e. would lead to tensions and possible war with Mexico

b. might give more power to the supporters of slavery

23. One reason that the British government decided to compromise on the Oregon Country border was a. the support of the Hudson's Bay Company b. the fear of war with the United States c. John Tyler's election to the presidency d. America's acceptance of 54 degrees 40 minutes e. their better ability to defend British Columbia

b. the fear of war with the United States

The conflict between President Tyler and Whig leaders like Henry Clay took place over issues of

banking and tariff policy.

14. The primary group that was instrumental in strengthening and saving American claims to Oregon were a. the Lewis and Clark expedition b. the Hudson's Bay Company c. American missionaries to the Indians d. U.S. naval forces in Puget Sound e. Mormon Settlers from Utah

c. American missionaries to the Indians

13. Arrange in chronological order the U.S.' acquisition of (A) Oregon, (B) Texas, (C) California a. A, B, C b. C, B, A c. B, A, C d. B, C, A e. A, C, B

c. B, A, C

2. The Whigs placed John Tyler on the 1840 ticket as vice president to a. have him instead of President William Henry Harrison actually run the executive branch b. win northern votes c. attract the vote of the states' rightists d. reward him for his strong support of the Whig party platform e. respond to the Democrats' expansionist appeal

c. attract the vote of the states' rightists

10. Some people in Britain hoped for a British alliance with Texas because a. the alliance would help to support the Monroe Doctrine b. this area would provide an excellent base from which to attack the U.S. c. Mexican efforts to attack the U.S. would be stopped d. Texas could become a location for the settlement of undesirable British emigrants e. the alliance would give abolitionists the opportunity to free slaves in Texas

d. Texas could become a location for the settlement of undesirable British emigrants

8. The Aroostook War was the result of a. a short-lived insurrection in British Canada b. the Caroline incident c. the offer of asylum to the crew of the Creole d. a dispute over the northern boundary of Maine e. a fishing dispute between Britain and the U.S.

d. a dispute over the northern boundary of Maine

26. In 1846 the U.S. went to war with Mexico for all of the following reasons except a. the ideology of Manifest Destiny b. the deaths of American soldiers at the hands of Mexicans c. the desire to gain payment for damage claims against the Mexican government d. the impulse to satisfy those asking for "spot" resolutions e. Polk's desire to acquire California

d. the impulse to satisfy those asking for "spot" resolutions

27. President Polk's claim that "American blood [had been shed] on the American soil" referred to news of an armed clash between Mexican and American troops near a. San Francisco b. the Nueces River c. Santa Fe d. the Rio Grande e. San Antonio

d. the rio grande

18. In the 1840s, the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation stretching across North America was called a. continentalism b. isolationism c. anglophobia d. Divine Mandate e. Manifest Destiny

e. Manifest Destiny

32. The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ending the Mexican War included a. a guarantee of the rights of Mexicans living in New Mexico b. U.S. annexation of Texas c. the banning of slavery from all territory ceded to the U.S. d. a requirement that Mexico pay $3.25 million in damages to the U.S. e. U.S. payment of $15 million for cession of northern Mexico

e. U.S. payment of $15 million for cession of northern Mexico

3. After President Tyler's veto of a bill to establish a new Bank of the United States, a. he was expelled from the Whig party b. all but one member of his cabinet resigned c. an attempt was made in the House of Representatives to impeach him d. Tyler also vetoed a Whig-sponsored high-tariff bill e. all of the above

e. all of the above

39. When the Mexican government secularized authority in California, a. missionaries gained power b. slavery became an accepted practice c. convicts brought in by Spain were expelled d. California's Indians received better treatment e. Californios eventually gained control of the land

e. californios eventually gained control of their land

24. In his quest for California, President Polk a. advocated war with Mexico from the beginning b. argued strongly for annexation, because Americans were the most numerous people in the area c. was motivated by his knowledge of gold deposits there d. sought British help to persuade Mexico to sell the area to the U.S. e. first advocated buying the area from Mexico

e. first advocated buying the area from Mexico

29. One goal of Mexico in its 1846-1848 war with the U.S. was to a. demonstrate the strength of Latino culture b. regain control of Texas c. capture slaves and take them back to Mexico d. force America to make good on unpaid claims of damages to Mexican citizens e. free black slaves

e. free black slaves

17. The area in dispute between the U.S. and Great Britain in 1845 lay between a. the forty-second parallel and the Columbia River b. the Cascade Mountains, the Columbia River, and Puget Sound c. the 36 degree 30 minute line and the Columbia River d. the 49th parallel and the 54 degree 40 minute line e. the Columbia River, the 49th parallel, and the Pacific Ocean

e. the Columbia River, the 49th parallel, and the Pacific Ocean

During the early 1840s, Texas maintained its independence by

establishing friendly relations with Britain and other European powers.

In the presidential election of 1844, the Whig candidate Henry Clay

favored both the annexation of Texas and the postponement of that annexation

In his quest for California, President Polk

first advocated buying the area from Mexico

Henry Clay lost the election of 1844 to James Polk because

his attempt to straddle the Texas annexation issue lost him votes to the antislavery Liberty party in New York.

The election of 1844 was notable because

it was fought over numerous issues

The Wilmot Proviso, introduced into Congress during the Mexican War, declared that

slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the U.S.

The wilmot proviso

symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories

the area in dispute between the united States and Great Britain in 1945 lay between

the Columbia River, the 49th parallel and the Pacific Ocean

Some people in Britain hoped for a British alliance with Texas because

the alliance would give abolitionists the opportunity to free slaves in Texas