CH. 18 Questions

regulation

-bicarbonate buffers acids and bases -vasoconstriction and vasodilation due to temperature changes

type O-

-expresses all of the major antibodies -the universal donor -the most common blood type in U.S. -expresses the B agglutinin

type AB+

-expresses all of the major antigens -the universal acceptor -the least common blood type in the U.S. -expresses the A agglutinogen

vascular spasm

-first stage in hemostasis -involves vasoconstriction

protection

-formed elements help destroy pathogens -platelets work to plug holes in blood vessels due to trauma -globulins contribute to the elimination of infectious agents

coagulation

-last stage in hemostasis -also known as clotting -involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin -includes intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms

transportation

-movement of O2 & CO2 to the tissues of the body -movement of urea to the kidneys -distribution of absorbed nutrients and hormones throughout the body

platelet plug formation

-second stage in hemostasis -involves the disruption of prostacyclin -involves endothelial collagen exposure -involves degranulation and serotonin, thromboxane A2 and ADP

A person with type AB blood has _____________ RBC antigen(s).

A and B

An individual has type B, Rh-positive blood. The individual has _______________ antigen(s) and can produce anti-_________ antibodies.

B and D; A

Which cells aid in the body's defense by secreting histamine and heparin? A) eosinophils B) basophils C) neutrophils D) platelets E0 monocytes

B) basophils

Where in the body are hemopoetic stem cells found? A) yellow bone marrow B) thymus C) red bone marrow D) spleen E) liver

C) red bone marrow

What are the two principal function of erythrocytes? A) to pick up nitrogen from the tissues and unload it in the lungs B) To pick up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to tissues C) to pick up carbon dioxide from the tissues and unload it in the lungs D) to pick up nitrogen from the tissues and unload it in the lungs and to pick up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to the tissues E) to pick up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to the tissues and to pick up carbon dioxide from the tissues and unload it in the lungs

E) to pick up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to the tissues and to pick up carbon dioxide from the tissues and unload it in the lungs

The universal donor of RBCs, but not necessarily plasma, is blood type.

O, Rh-negative

One method of destruction is called ______________, in which each antibody binds two or more antigens.

agglutination

What is the most abundant protein in plasma?

albumin

During subsequent pregnancies, her antibodies may cross the placenta and cause ____________ in the newborn.

anemia

At birth, tearing can expose the mother to Rh+ blood and she will begin to produce ____________ antibodies.

anti-D

Antibodies __________ to antigens and mark them for destruction

bind

Repetition of this process produces antigen antibody ________________.

complexes

Some lymphocytes can survive as long as _____________.

decades

T/F: Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit are interchangeable terms used to describe the percentage of whole blood components of RBC's.

false

These complexes _____________ the antigens until immune cells can break them down.

immobilize

formed elements

includes erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, monocytes, and neutrophils

plasma

includes glucose, chloride, antibodies, fibrinogen, and hormones

In the Rh blood group, hemolytic disease of the newborn can occur if there is a ____________ between mother and fetus.

mismatch

The number of _______________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.

neutrophils

If an Rh- mother has an Rh+ fetus during the first pregnancy, the ____________ prevents mixing of the blood.

placenta

When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by _______________.

plasmin

In healthy blood vessels, platelets do not adhere bc the smooth endothelium is coated with _______________.

prostacyclin

Platelets release ______________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.

serotonin

After binding, the antigens are __________ together.

stuck

platelets

they secrete procoagulants, or clotting factors, which promote blood clotting

Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the _____________ may break loose and being to travel in the blood stream as a(n) __________________.

thrombus; embolus