Ch. 19 Biology 102

According to one hypothesis, negatively charged clay particles played a role in early . a. protein formation b. DNA replication c. photosynthesis d. oxygen declines

A

The host cell in the endosymbiosis that produced the first chloroplasts was a(n) . a. early eukaryote b. archaeon c. aerobic bacterium d. alga

A

Among prokaryotes, only the cyanobacteria . a. live near hydrothermal vents b. produce oxygen during photosynthesis c. cannot tolerate oxygen d. have a nucleus-like structure

B

Stanely Miller's experiment demonstrated that ____. a. Earth is more than 4 billion years old b. under some conditions, amino acids can assemble spontaneously from inorganic materials c. oxygen is necessary for all life d. RNA was the first genome

B

The prevalence of in living organisms is taken as support for the idea that life arose near deep-sea vents. a. mitochondria b. iron-sulfide cofactors c. DNA d. plasma membrane

B

Which of the following is NOT true of conditions during the Hadean eon? The atmosphere held no oxygen. Rocks began to rust. Volcanic eruptions were common Meteorites struck the Earth continually.

B

A stromatolite is a structure . a. produced by endosymbiosis b. that forms when a meteorite hits the Earth c. consisting of layered bacteria and sediment d. that expels hot water from deep in the Earth

C

The first eukaryotes were . a. fungi b. plants c. protists d. animals

C

An RNA that functions as an enzyme is a . a. protein b. protocell c. ribosome d. ribozyme

D

An abundance of in Earth's early atmosphere would have interfered with assembly of organic compounds. carbon dioxide ammonia water oxygen

D

Evolution of ___ increased the energy available to cells, making a larger genome and processes such as membrane trafficking possible. a. the nucleus b. endoplasmic reticulum c. chloroplasts d. mitochondria

D

Infoldings of the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm of some ancestral cells may have evolved into the . a. nuclear envelope b. ER membranes c. primary cell wall d. both a and b

D

The evolution of resulted in the eventual formation of the ozone layer. a. DNA-based genomes b. aerobic respiration c. sexual reproduction d. oxygen-producing photosynthesis

D

Which of the following events did NOT occur during the Precambrian? a. Formation of the ozone layer. b. RNA world c. Evolution of the first animals d. Evolution of the first plants

D

Chronologically arrange the evolutionary events, with 1 being the earliest and 6 the most recent. a. onset of oxygen-releasing pathway of photosynthesis b. liquid water appears c. origin of protocells d. emergence of the first eukaryotes e. origin of chloroplasts f. the big bang

The big bang, liquid water appears, origin of protocells, onset of oxygen-releasing pathway of photosynthesis, emergence of the first eukaryotes, and origin of chloroplasts.