Ch 19 Central Asia (Jennings)

Although many thousands died, the Mongol period revived what two things?

trade and brought prosperity

where are the largest of oil and natural gas found?

under the Caspian Sea

which mineral resources does Kazakhstan have?

uranium, copper, zinc, and iron ore

Central Asia stretches from the _______ to _____.

Black Sea, China

Central Asia is home to the largest inland sea in the world- the ______.

Caspian Sea

The eastern section reaches from the eastern shores of the ______ to _______ and _______.

Caspian Sea, China, Pakistan

Places along the coasts of the ______ and ________ have very different climates.

Caspian, Black Seas

where does the western section get its name from?

Caucasus Mountains

what is the western section of Central Asia called and where is it located?

Caucasus, between the Black and Caspian Sea

The Silk Road was established as a trade route from ______ to _______.

China, Europe

Georgia and Armenia were both ________ under the Roman empire in the _________

Christianized, 4th Century AD

After the ________, all of Central Asia became part of the SSR or ___________, except ______.

Communist Revolution in 1917, Soviet Socialist Republics, Afghanistan

In 1200 ACE, _________ led the Mongol forces, conquering all of the Central Asia.

Genghis Khan

Which two countries formed kingdoms over 2,000 years ago?

Georgia and Armenia

what three small countries make up the Caucasus (western section)?

Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan

All of the countries of the sub region are landlocked except ______, meaning they have no access to the _____.

Georgia, sea

The higher peaks are the _______ to the north.

Greater Caucasus

The eastern section also has mountain ranges including the _______.

Hindu Kush of Afghanistan

Which river feeds into Lake Balkhash?

Ile River

The _______ or black-sand desert, covers most of _______

Kara-Kum, Turkmenistan,

which countries do oil and natural gas found under the Caspian Sea benefit?

Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan

The eastern section includes the six "stans." what are they?

Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan

The eastern section also has dune covered ______ or deserts.

Kums (koomz)

The ______, or the red sand desert covers half of _______.

Kyzyl Kum, Uzbekistan

What is the main lake in Central Asia and where is it located?

Lake Balkhash, eastern Kazakhstan

Then there is the ________ mountains in the south.

Lesser Caucasus

Finally, the Black Sea gives access to the ________ through the ________.

Mediterranean, Dardanelles

________ of the Hindu Kush soars at a height of 24,000 feet.

Mount Nowshak

The Greater Caucasus includes ________ in Georgia at a height of ______ feet.

Mount Shkhara, 17,063

All of the 8 countries of Central Asia gained their independence with the fall of the _______.

Soviet Union in 1991

what is another crop grown in Central Asia?

cotton

How many sections is Central Asia divided into?

2

how many mountain ranges make up the Caucasus mountains?

2

how many countries make up Central Asia?

8

Turkmenistan's Kara Kum Canal connects the _________ to the _______.

Amudar'ya, Caspian Sea

Also, there is the _______, which is drying up faster than it can be replenished due to what?

Aral Sea, the feeder river being diverted to irrigate farmland

Each of the deserts in the eastern section are around the size of ______

Arizona

Around the 7th-9th Centuries Islamic Arabs conquered which countries?

Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan

The eastern section is home to the ________, which covers an area the size of _______ and is covered in ______ because of the water and fertile soil.

Fergana Valley, Massachusetts, farms

Georgia and Armenia were the first two countries to do what?

declare Christianity as the national religion

After the fall of the Soviet Union, the leaders of these countries promised a _______, but usually only led to _________.

democratic system, authoritarian governments

Because the countries are far from oceans, the sub region has a mainly ______ climate.

dry

Without the ______, crops could not grow in great quantities.

flow of water

Coastal areas around the Caspian and Black Seas can farm what two things?

fruits and vegetables

The land in Central Asia is marked mostly by _______, a dry climate, and a vast expanse of _______.

highlands, deserts

Farming also occurs in other areas where the farmland is ________.

irrigated

The Amudar'ya and the Syrdar'ya Rivers are both fed by _______ and spill into the _______

mountain rivers, Aral Sea

Being that most of the people in the sub region are ______, the _______ was of major importance throughout the area beginning around 100 BC.

nomadic, Silk Road

what two resources are important in Central Asia?

oil and natural gas

Because of the sparse vegetation, most of the people of the sub region practice _______ or the raising of livestock.

pastoralism

The Silk Road not only made the countries of Central Asia _____, but also made them _________.

rich, vulnerable to invasion

Nomadic tribes in the area herd different kinds of animals such as _______ and _______ because they are adapt to ________.

sheep, goats, constant movement

what livestock are adapted to the area?

sheep, horses, camels, and cattle

Central Asia, for the most part, reflects this by having a ________.

sparse scrub vegetation

In the Kara Kum and Kyzyl Kum Deserts, vegetation is _____ but not completely bare, with _______ growing in certain areas.

sparse, scrub grasses

Most of the vegetation in Central Asia is _______ vegetation, which grows in dry areas.

steppe

Ever since the fall of the Soviet Union, it has been a ________ for the people of Central Asia

struggle

what two things are commercially farmed products in the coastal areas of Central Asia

tea and citrus fruits

what are the two main rivers in Central Asia?

the Amudar'ya and the Syrdar'ya

Western Georgia on the shores of the Black Sea can receive up to ______ inches of rain annually.

100

The ________ eventually took control of most of Central Asia until the 1800s when the British established themselves in ______ and prevented the Russians from moving into _______.

Russian empire, India, Afghanistan

The suffix "stan" is an _______ word that means "______" or "_______."

ancient Persian, land of, place of

Where does farming in Central Asia occur?

around oasis or where underground water naturally comes to the surface

what are the major cereals grown for food in Central Asia?

barley, oats, and wheat

Due to the Ile River dammed, Lake Balkhash has ________.

become higher in salinity

Central Asia's placement is a big factor in the _______.

climate