Ch 20 Anatomy
2) The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day. A) 8,000 B) 15,000 C) 20,000 D) 50,000 E) 100,000
A) 8,000
58) ________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia. A) Angina pectoris B) Memory loss C) A rash D) Hematuria E) Fluid in the lungs
A) Angina pectoris
45) The inferior point of the heart is called the A) apex. B) hilum. C) base. D) septum. E) mediastinum.
A) apex.
52) The ________ carry blood toward the heart. A) arterioles B) arteries C) veins D) lacteals E) capillaries
C) veins
47) The ________ is shared by the two ventricles. A) vena cava B) bicuspid valve C) chordae tendineae D) interventricular septum E) trabeculae carneae
D) interventricular septum
59) In a procedure known as ________, an inflatable balloon at the end of a catheter is used to press plaque back against the vessel wall. A) balloon angioplasty B) coronary arterial bypass graft C) intravenous catheterization D) ablation E) atherectomy
A) balloon angioplasty
16) Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of A) cardiac muscle cells. B) chondrocytes. C) epithelial cells. D) fibrocytes. E) smooth muscle cells.
A) cardiac muscle cells.
4) The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as A) cardiac tamponade. B) mitral valve prolapse. C) pleural effusion. D) cardiomyopathy. E) pericarditis.
A) cardiac tamponade.
83) Identify the structure labeled "6." A) cusp of tricuspid valve B) pulmonary semilunar valve C) aortic semilunar valve D) bicuspid valve E) ligamentum arteriosum
A) cusp of tricuspid valve
53) The ________ covers the outer surface of the heart. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) endocardium D) parietal pericardium E) mediastinum
A) epicardium
5) The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the A) foramen ovale. B) interatrial septum. C) coronary sinus. D) fossa ovalis. E) ligamentum arteriosus.
A) foramen ovale.
36) The pulmonary veins carry blood to the A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) intestines. E) liver.
A) heart.
7) The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow A) in one direction only. B) in both directions. C) in many directions. D) in opposite directions on the right and left. E) from a ventricle to an atrium.
A) in one direction only.
88) In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of A) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. B) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions. C) decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions. D) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions. E) increased membrane permeability to chloride ions.
A) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
11) The coronary sulcus is a groove that A) marks the border between the atria and ventricles. B) marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles. C) marks the boundary line between the right and left atria. D) separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria. E) separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins.
A) marks the border between the atria and ventricles.
69) Prominent muscular ridges in the anterior atrial wall and auricles are called A) pectinate muscles. B) conus arteriosus. C) papillary muscles. D) trabeculae carneae. E) fossa ovalis.
A) pectinate muscles.
49) The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs. A) pulmonary B) systemic C) oxygen D) portal E) primary
A) pulmonary
56) Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit. A) pulmonary B) systemic C) oxygen D) portal E) primary
A) pulmonary
78) One possible consequence of untreated strep throat is a disease causing inflammation of heart called A) rheumatic fever. B) rheumatoid arthritis. C) coronary thrombosis. D) coronary ischemia. E) angina pectoris.
A) rheumatic fever.
17) The right ventricle pumps blood to the A) right and left lungs. B) left ventricle. C) left atrium. D) aorta. E) right atrium.
A) right and left lungs.
8) Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the A) right atrium. B) right ventricle. C) left atrium. D) left ventricle. E) conus arteriosus.
A) right atrium.
40) The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the A) right coronary artery. B) left coronary artery. C) circumflex artery. D) coronary sinus. E) aorta.
A) right coronary artery.
24) There are ________ pulmonary veins. A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 12
B) 4
3) The adult heart is roughly the size of A) the liver. B) a man's clenched fist. C) the gallbladder. D) the hand of a 10-year-old. E) the brain.
B) a man's clenched fist.
73) Which valve(s) cusps open up toward the base of the heart? A) right and left AV valves B) aortic and pulmonary valves C) left AV and aortic valves D) right AV and pulmonary valves E) right AV, left AV, aortic and pulmonary valves
B) aortic and pulmonary valves
85) Identify the structure labeled "22." A) pulmonary trunk B) aortic arch C) pulmonary veins D) superior vena cava E) carotid artery
B) aortic arch
51) The ________ carry blood away from the heart. A) arterioles B) arteries C) veins D) venules E) capillaries
B) arteries
89) The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to A) movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane. B) calcium channels remaining open. C) increased membrane permeability to potassium ion. D) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane. E) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
B) calcium channels remaining open.
62) The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________. A) coronary arteries; left ventricle B) cardiac veins; right atrium C) interventricular artery; left ventricle D) right atrium; right ventricle E) cardiac vein; right ventricle
B) cardiac veins; right atrium
22) As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk. A) pulmonary veins B) conus arteriosus C) aorta D) inferior vena cava E) superior vena cava
B) conus arteriosus
39) The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries. A) pulmonary B) coronary C) circumflex D) carotid E) subclavian
B) coronary
60) A procedure in which a length of the patient's vein or artery is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called A) balloon angioplasty. B) coronary artery bypass graft. C) intravenous catheterization. D) ablation. E) atherectomy.
B) coronary artery bypass graft.
72) Which valve(s) contains 2 cusps? A) right AV valve B) left AV valve C) right and left AV valves D) left AV and aortic valves E) right AV and pulmonary valves
B) left AV valve
41) The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the A) right coronary artery. B) left coronary artery. C) interventricular artery. D) coronary sinus. E) aorta.
B) left coronary artery.
35) The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) intestines. E) liver.
B) lungs.
25) Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in A) pulmonary valve regurgitation. B) mitral valve prolapse. C) tricuspid regurgitation. D) tricuspid prolapse. E) aortic valve prolapse.
B) mitral valve prolapse.
54) The muscle layer of the heart is the A) epicardium. B) myocardium. C) endocardium. D) parietal pericardium. E) mediastinum.
B) myocardium.
81) Identify the structure labeled "19." A) tricuspid valve B) pulmonary semilunar valve C) aortic semilunar valve D) bicuspid valve E) ligamentum arteriosum
B) pulmonary semilunar valve
6) Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the A) aortic valve. B) pulmonary valve. C) mitral valve. D) tricuspid valve. E) bicuspid valve.
B) pulmonary valve.
66) The endocardium consists of this type of tissue. A) cardiac muscle B) simple squamous epithelium C) dense irregular connective tissue D) reticular connective tissue E) stratified squamous epithelium
B) simple squamous epithelium
61) A fine tubular wire mesh called a ________ may be inserted into a coronary vessel, holding it open. A) angioplast B) stent C) angiogram D) keyhole E) catheter
B) stent
50) The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle. A) pulmonary B) systemic C) oxygen D) portal E) primary
B) systemic
91) The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in A) the Purkinje fibers. B) the sinoatrial node. C) the atrioventricular node. D) the wall of the left ventricle. E) both the left and right ventricles.
B) the sinoatrial node.
95) If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, A) the ventricles will beat faster. B) the ventricles will beat more slowly. C) the ventricular beat will remain unchanged. D) cardiac output will increase. E) the atria will contract more forcefully.
B) the ventricles will beat more slowly.
48) Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called A) coronary sinuses. B) trabeculae carneae. C) intercalated discs. D) papillary muscles. E) chordae tendineae.
B) trabeculae carneae.
1) The heart beats approximately ________ times each day. A) 1,000 B) 10,000 C) 100,000 D) 1,000,000 E) 10,000,000
C) 100,000
84) Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? A) 5 B) 10 C) 16 D) 13 E) both 5 and 16
C) 16
34) The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins A) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5 B) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 D) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6 E) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6
C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6
92) Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing. A) P wave B) T wave C) QRS complex D) P-R interval E) R-T interval
C) QRS complex
44) The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the A) apex. B) hilum. C) base. D) septum. E) mediastinum.
C) base.
29) The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium. A) semicaval B) semilunar C) bicuspid D) tricuspid E) pulmonic
C) bicuspid
79) Rheumatic fever causes generalized inflammation of the heart called A) rheumatoid arthritis. B) coronary thrombosis. C) carditis. D) coronary ischemia. E) myocardial infarction.
C) carditis.
13) The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to A) papillary muscles. B) trabeculae carneae. C) chordae tendineae. D) interatrial septa. E) coronary sulci.
C) chordae tendineae.
57) The term ________ refers to blockage in the coronary circulation. A) congestive heart failure B) atherosclerosis C) coronary artery disease D) embolism E) phlebitis
C) coronary artery disease
42) The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) coronary sinus. D) coronary sulcus. E) aorta.
C) coronary sinus.
20) When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n) A) coronary spasm. B) myocardial infarction. C) coronary thrombosis. D) angina pectoris. E) pulmonary embolism.
C) coronary thrombosis.
97) The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from A) the SA node. B) depolarization of the AV node. C) depolarization of the atria. D) repolarization of the atria. E) depolarization of the ventricles.
C) depolarization of the atria.
55) The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) endocardium D) visceral pericardium E) mediastinum
C) endocardium
15) The visceral pericardium is the same as the A) mediastinum. B) parietal pericardium. C) epicardium. D) myocardium. E) endocardium.
C) epicardium.
46) Pericardial fluid A) provides oxygen to the heart muscle. B) is located between the myocardium and the endocardium. C) is a lubricant between the heart and the pericardial sac. D) consists of plasma that has leaked out of whole blood. E) flows through the four chambers of the heart.
C) is a lubricant between the heart and the pericardial sac.
9) Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the A) right atrium. B) right ventricle. C) left atrium. D) left ventricle. E) conus arteriosus.
C) left atrium.
26) Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the A) brachiocephalic artery. B) right coronary artery. C) left coronary artery. D) phrenic arteries. E) pulmonary arteries.
C) left coronary artery.
76) Which chamber has the thickest wall? A) left atrium B) right atrium C) left ventricle D) right ventricle E) left auricle
C) left ventricle
12) In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the A) pleural space. B) pericardial space. C) mediastinum. D) cardiac notch. E) ventral cavity.
C) mediastinum.
82) Identify the structure(s) labeled "8." A) moderator band B) pectinate muscles C) papillary muscles D) trabeculae carneae E) chordae tendineae
C) papillary muscles
68) Thick projections of muscle in the ventricles that anchor chordae tendineae are called A) pectinate muscles. B) conus arteriosus. C) papillary muscles. D) trabeculae carneae. E) auricles.
C) papillary muscles.
31) Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except A) has a thicker wall. B) is round in cross section. C) pumps a greater volume. D) works harder. E) produces about four to six times more pressure when it contracts.
C) pumps a greater volume.
23) Coronary veins empty into the A) left atrium. B) left ventricle. C) right atrium. D) right ventricle. E) conus arteriosus.
C) right atrium.
32) Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit? A) superior vena cava, right atrium, left ventricle B) right ventricle, pulmonary veins, aorta C) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium D) inferior vena cava, right atrium, aorta E) left ventricle, pulmonary veins, right atrium
C) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium
93) As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit A) tonus. B) treppe. C) tetany. D) recruitment. E) fatigue.
C) tetany.
38) Blood is supplied to the myocardium by A) the coronary sinus. B) contact with blood in the pumping chambers. C) the coronary arteries. D) arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries. E) arteries that branch off the subclavian arteries.
C) the coronary arteries.
86) Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because A) cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own. B) neural stimulation is lacking. C) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes. D) the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension. E) potassium channels outnumber sodium channels.
C) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.
96) The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5. B) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1. C) 3, 5, 4, 2, 1. D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1. E) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1.
D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1.
75) Which statement correctly describes the term left atrioventricular valve? A) Its cusps open into the left atrium. B) Its cusps open into the superior vena cava. C) Its cusps open into the aorta. D) Its cusps open into the left ventricle. E) Its cusps open into the pulmonary trunk.
D) Its cusps open into the left ventricle.
99) Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the A) P wave. B) T wave. C) S wave. D) QRS complex. E) PR complex.
D) QRS complex.
70) Which of the following is not true regarding the right atrioventricular valve? A) It has 3 cusps. B) It is also called the tricuspid valve. C) It prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium. D) The valve closes when the right atrium contracts. E) The cusps provide one-way flow of blood.
D) The valve closes when the right atrium contracts.
90) In cardiac muscle, A) calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. B) calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules. C) calcium ions play no role in the process of contraction. D) about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell. E) calcium ions play an important role in repolarizing the membrane after the depolarization phase.
D) about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell.
18) The left ventricle pumps blood to the A) lungs. B) right ventricle. C) right atrium. D) aorta. E) pulmonary circuit.
D) aorta.
10) The earlike extension of the atrium is the A) ventricle. B) coronary sinus. C) coronary sulcus. D) auricle. E) interatrial septum.
D) auricle.
65) Cardiac muscle layers form this distinct pattern. A) inner longitudinal layer B) outer longitudinal layer C) outer circular layer D) figure eight E) weave
D) figure eight
77) An MI that affects the ________ side of the heart is more severe because it has to pump blood with ________ force. A) right; less B) right; more C) left; less D) left; more E) right; equal
D) left; more
71) The ________ is an important ridge of muscle extending horizontally around the right ventricle from the interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle containing part of the conducting system. A) auricle B) pectinate muscle C) trabeculae carneae D) moderator band E) conus arteriosus
D) moderator band
14) Contractions of the papillary muscles A) close the atrioventricular valves. B) close the semilunar valves. C) eject blood from the ventricles. D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria. E) eject blood from the atria into the ventricles.
D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.
27) The pulmonary valve prevents backward flow into the A) aorta. B) pulmonary trunk. C) pulmonary veins. D) right ventricle. E) left atrium.
D) right ventricle.
80) The connective tissues of the heart are important for all of the following reasons except A) they help distribute the forces of contraction. B) they prevent overexpansion of the heart. C) they provide support for blood vessels and nerves. D) they produce the pericardial fluid. E) they provide elasticity to help the heart return to its original shape after contraction.
D) they produce the pericardial fluid.
100) The T wave on an ECG tracing represents A) atrial depolarization. B) atrial repolarization. C) ventricular depolarization. D) ventricular repolarization. E) ventricular contraction.
D) ventricular repolarization.
87) Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in a few ways. Which of the following is not one of them? A) Cardiac muscle cells are smaller in size. B) Cardiac muscle cells have a single, centered nucleus. C) Cardiac muscle cells branch. D) Skeletal muscle cells lack intercalated discs. E) Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules.
E) Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules.
64) Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles? A) The right ventricle pumps with more force compared to the left. B) The left ventricles pumps twice as much blood as the right ventricle. C) The right ventricles pumps blood to the body, whereas the left ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. D) The right ventricle is conical-shaped while the left ventricle is half-moon shaped. E) The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle.
E) The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle.
98) If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected? A) The P-R interval will be shorter. B) The QRS duration will be longer. C) There will be much bigger P waves. D) The ventricles will stop beating. E) The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.
E) The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.
21) Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show all of the following except A) a switch to anaerobic metabolism. B) release of enzymes into the circulation. C) release of troponin T and I into the circulation. D) release of CK-MB into the circulation. E) an increase in metabolic activity.
E) an increase in metabolic activity.
74) These structures keep the aortic valve cusps from sticking to the wall of the aorta. A) auricles B) chordae tendineae C) papillary muscles D) pectinate muscles E) aortic sinuses
E) aortic sinuses
28) The bicuspid or mitral valve is located A) in the opening of the aorta. B) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. C) where the venae cavae join the right atrium. D) between the right atrium and right ventricle. E) between the left atrium and left ventricle.
E) between the left atrium and left ventricle.
67) A hole in the interventricular septum in an infant may cause all of the following symptoms except A) mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood. B) a murmur to be heard. C) the heart to work harder. D) the individual to have low peripheral oxygen saturation. E) build-up of atherosclerotic plaque.
E) build-up of atherosclerotic plaque.
30) The function of an atrium is to A) store blood for use by the myocardial cells. B) pump blood to the lungs. C) pump blood into the systemic circuit. D) pump blood to the ventricle. E) collect blood then pump it to the ventricle.
E) collect blood then pump it to the ventricle.
94) If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the A) heart rate will increase. B) heart rate will decrease. C) cells will depolarize. D) cells will hyperpolarize. E) heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.
E) heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.
37) The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) right ventricle. D) left ventricle. E) interatrial septum.
E) interatrial septum.
63) The ________ is a remnant of an important fetal blood vessel that once linked the pulmonary and systemic circuits. A) fossa ovalis B) ductus arteriosus C) foramen ovale D) ductus venosus E) ligamentum arteriosum
E) ligamentum arteriosum
33) The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________. A) deoxygenated; left atrium B) oxygenated; right lung C) deoxygenated; superior vena cava D) deoxygenated; right atrium E) oxygenated; left atrium
E) oxygenated; left atrium
43) The heart lies within the ________ cavity. A) peritoneal B) pleural C) orbital D) dorsal E) pericardial
E) pericardial
19) The right atrium receives blood from all of the following structures except the A) coronary sinus. B) superior vena cava. C) inferior vena cava. D) systemic circuit. E) pulmonary veins.
E) pulmonary veins.
