ch 20 learnsmart

What is a DNA library?

A collection of recombinant vectors

Which component in the CRISPR-Cas9 system makes a double-strand break in DNA?

Cas9

DNA sequencing enables researchers to determine the order of ______ ______ in a gene.

DNA nucleotides

Polymerase chain reaction was developed by

Kary Mullis

Select the common characteristics of stem cells.

They have the capacity to divide. They can differentiate into one or more specialized cell types.

In PCR, each cycle uses the products of the previous cycle as templates. What do you call this?

a chain reaction

Methods that produce two or more genetically identical individuals are referred to as reproductive _____.

cloning

Scientists are mainly interested in stem cells to help them understand basic genetic mechanisms that underlie the process of _____, and for their potential to treat human _____.

development; diseases

When using PCR to amplify DNA, short oligonucleotides called primers

flank the region of DNA to be amplified.

To ensure that DNA and proteins are able to bind to each other, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) must be performed under

non-denaturing conditions.

In 1985, Kary Mullis developed a way to copy DNA without vectors or host cells. This technique is called _____ _____ _____.

polymerase chain reaction

During PCR, the process of _____ _____ results when the Taq polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of complementary DNA, starting at the primers.

primer extension

Enzymes that bind to a specific DNA sequence and cut the DNA backbone are called _____ _____.

restriction enzymes

The cells that construct our bodies from a fertilized egg are called _____ cells.

stem

In PCR, the DNA to be amplified is called the _____ DNA.

template

The natural function of the CRISPR-Cas system in bacteria is

to provide defense against bacteriophages.

True or false: Chromosomal DNA is a common source of cloned DNA.

true

Order the following steps in cloning a gene.

1. Chromosomal DNA is isolated and cut with a restriction enzyme; the plasmid DNA is cut with the same enzyme. 2. The digested chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA are incubated together. 3. Ligation by DNA ligase

When cloning a gene, why must the chromosomal DNA and the plasmid DNA be cut with the same restriction enzyme?

The sticky ends of the plasmid DNA will be complementary to the sticky ends of the chromosomal DNA.