Ch. 20: The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
Arrange the 3 classes of arteries in order from smallest to largest.
1) resistance arteries 2) distributing arteries 3) conducting arteries
Which of these is a vein?
C (image)
_________ are microscopic, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins.
Capillaries
__________ venules receive blood from capillaries.
Postcapillary
In arteries and veins, the outermost layer of the vessel wall is called the tunica _________.
adventitia
An anatomical convergence where two blood vessels merge and combine their bloodstreams is known as a(n) _______.
anastomosis
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
arteries
Which term refers to a small vessel that empties into a capillary?
arteriole
The capillary wall consists of which of the following layers?
basal lamina and endothelium
Where does most of the exchange of nutrients, wastes, and hormones between the blood and body fluids occur?
capillaries
What are the three basic types of blood vessels?
capillaries, veins, arteries
The narrowest type of blood vessel in the cardiovascular system that engages in fluid exchange with surrounding tissues is called a(n) ______.
capillary
Capillaries are organized into networks called which of the following?
capillary beds
Which artery branches off of the common iliac artery to supply blood to the lower limb?
external iliac artery
Portal systems occur in which of the following?
kidneys, between the intestines and liver, between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Vasoconstriction primary results from contraction of smooth muscle in the tunica ______.
media
In some places, short vessels called _____ link arteries to capillaries or provide shortcuts that bypass the capillaries.
metarterioles
Which term refers to the arterioles, capillaries, and venules?
microvasculature
Blood flow into capillary beds is regulated by which of the following?
precapillary sphincters
Arterial sense organs monitor blood chemistry and blood pressure in order to help regulate which of the following?
respiration and heart rate
Which layer of the artery wall is usually the thickest?
tunica media
Which are layers of the blood vessel wall?
tunica media, tunica interna, tunica externa
Which are regarded as the capacitance vessels because they expand easily to accommodate an increased volume of blood?
veins
Which of the 3 primary categories of blood vessels carries blood back to the head?
veins
Which of the 3 primary categories of blood vessels carries blood back to the heart?
veins
Which type of blood vessels carries blood back to the heart?
veins
Place the principal regions of the aorta in order of blood flow from the heart.
1) ascending aorta 2) aortic arch 3) thoracic aorta 4) abdominal aorta
Match each hormone to its description.
- angiotensin II: potent vasoconstrictor that raises the blood pressure - aldosterone: promotes Na+ retention, which increases blood volume and raises blood pressure - natriuretic peptides: promotes Na+ excretion, which reduces blood volume and lowers blood pressure - antidiuretic hormone: increases blood pressure by promoting water retention; acts a vasoconstrictor at extremely high concentrations
The principal veins of the portal system carrying blood from the gastrointestinal organs to the liver include, which of the following?
- gastric veins - hepatic portal vein - inferior/superior mesenteric veins - splenic vein
Which areas would experience impaired blood flow if a thrombus lodged in the external carotid artery?
- scalp - teeth - thyroid gland - tongue
