Ch. 20: The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Arrange the 3 classes of arteries in order from smallest to largest.

1) resistance arteries 2) distributing arteries 3) conducting arteries

Which of these is a vein?

C (image)

_________ are microscopic, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins.

Capillaries

__________ venules receive blood from capillaries.

Postcapillary

In arteries and veins, the outermost layer of the vessel wall is called the tunica _________.

adventitia

An anatomical convergence where two blood vessels merge and combine their bloodstreams is known as a(n) _______.

anastomosis

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

arteries

Which term refers to a small vessel that empties into a capillary?

arteriole

The capillary wall consists of which of the following layers?

basal lamina and endothelium

Where does most of the exchange of nutrients, wastes, and hormones between the blood and body fluids occur?

capillaries

What are the three basic types of blood vessels?

capillaries, veins, arteries

The narrowest type of blood vessel in the cardiovascular system that engages in fluid exchange with surrounding tissues is called a(n) ______.

capillary

Capillaries are organized into networks called which of the following?

capillary beds

Which artery branches off of the common iliac artery to supply blood to the lower limb?

external iliac artery

Portal systems occur in which of the following?

kidneys, between the intestines and liver, between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Vasoconstriction primary results from contraction of smooth muscle in the tunica ______.

media

In some places, short vessels called _____ link arteries to capillaries or provide shortcuts that bypass the capillaries.

metarterioles

Which term refers to the arterioles, capillaries, and venules?

microvasculature

Blood flow into capillary beds is regulated by which of the following?

precapillary sphincters

Arterial sense organs monitor blood chemistry and blood pressure in order to help regulate which of the following?

respiration and heart rate

Which layer of the artery wall is usually the thickest?

tunica media

Which are layers of the blood vessel wall?

tunica media, tunica interna, tunica externa

Which are regarded as the capacitance vessels because they expand easily to accommodate an increased volume of blood?

veins

Which of the 3 primary categories of blood vessels carries blood back to the head?

veins

Which of the 3 primary categories of blood vessels carries blood back to the heart?

veins

Which type of blood vessels carries blood back to the heart?

veins

Place the principal regions of the aorta in order of blood flow from the heart.

1) ascending aorta 2) aortic arch 3) thoracic aorta 4) abdominal aorta

Match each hormone to its description.

- angiotensin II: potent vasoconstrictor that raises the blood pressure - aldosterone: promotes Na+ retention, which increases blood volume and raises blood pressure - natriuretic peptides: promotes Na+ excretion, which reduces blood volume and lowers blood pressure - antidiuretic hormone: increases blood pressure by promoting water retention; acts a vasoconstrictor at extremely high concentrations

The principal veins of the portal system carrying blood from the gastrointestinal organs to the liver include, which of the following?

- gastric veins - hepatic portal vein - inferior/superior mesenteric veins - splenic vein

Which areas would experience impaired blood flow if a thrombus lodged in the external carotid artery?

- scalp - teeth - thyroid gland - tongue