Ch. 21 Immune System pt. 2 hwk qus (exam 2)

B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by ________. forming of a large number of cells that are unlike the original B cell immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies reducing its size producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells

d

How would you classify the antivenom used to treat poisonous snake bites? active immunity, naturally acquired active immunity, artificially acquired passive immunity, naturally acquired passive immunity, artificially acquired

d

What type of T cell can directly attack and kill other cells, such as virus-infected cells? regulatory T (TReg) cells APC (antigen-presenting cells) helper T (TH) cells cytotoxic T (TC) cells

d

What type of cell is a precursor to the cytotoxic T cell? regulatory T cell CD4 cell activated T cell CD8 cell

d

What type of cell is the precursor to the helper T cell? memory T cell CD8 cell regulatory T cell CD4 cell

d

Which of the following mechanisms of antibody action occur when red blood cells clump due to a transfusion of mismatched blood? neutralization precipitation complement fixation and activation agglutination

d

Which specific type of cell produces antibodies? Hints activated memory T cells activated helper T cells activated antigen-presenting cells activated plasma cells

d

__________ are lymphocytes that directly kill virus- infected cells. B cells Helper T cells Macrophages Cytotoxic T cells

d

The mechanism of the "lethal hit" of cytotoxic T cells involves perforin and granzymes. True False

true

Cellular immunity is attributed to the action of __________. T cells complement proteins antibodies. interferons

a

Choose the true statement regarding the primary versus the secondary immune response. A primary response results when naïve lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells. A primary response occurs faster than a secondary response. A primary response leads to higher levels of antibodies than does a secondary response. The antibodies produced in a primary response bind to antigens more efficiently than the antibodies produced in a secondary immune response.

a

Cytotoxic T cells ________. are the only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells self-destruct once the antigen has been neutralized function mainly to stimulate the proliferation of other T cell populations secrete antibodies that attack and kill other cells

a

Helper T cells ________. function in the adaptive immune system activation destroy infected body cells bind tightly to target cells and release a lymphotoxin called perforin often function to decrease the immune response

a

Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity. Active and passive humoral immunity are both mechanisms of adaptive immunity that use antibodies. The antibodies utilized in active immunity are acquired from another organism. A vaccination is an example of the introduction of passive immunity into the body. Immunological memory is established by passive immunization.

a

Which of the following describes an antigen? Hints An antigen is a substance that can mobilize the adaptive defenses. An antigen is a substance that triggers the production of antibodies but has no effect on triggering cellular immunity. An antigen is a compound secreted by immunocompetent lymphocytes to demonstrate self-tolerance. An antigen is a small part of a large complex molecule such as a foreign protein which provokes an immune response

a

Which of the following is not a method by which antibodies work? direct cell lysis agglutinating and precipitating antigen neutralizing antigen enhancing phagocytosis

a

T-cell activation requires ________. antibody production and co-stimulation antigen binding and co-stimulation antigen binding, antibody production, and co-stimulation antigen binding and antibody production

b

What roles do memory B cells play when a patient is re-exposed to an antigen? Hints Due to previous exposure, memory B cells are able to quickly recognize invading pathogens, dock with them, and induce apoptosis. Memory B cells trigger a secondary immune response, which is faster, more prolonged, and more effective than the first immune response. Memory B cells activate helper T cells, which, in turn, activate CD8 cells. Memory B cells trigger a secondary immune response that is slower and less effective than the primary immune response.

b

Which of the following are NOT appropriately matched? B cells: produce free antibodies helper T cells: destroy infected cells cytotoxic T cells: destroy virally infected cells macrophages: antigen-presenting cells

b

Why are children given vaccinations? to develop a disease in a mild state rather than have it later on in a more serious state to develop memory cells against various diseases to see whether the immune system is capable of defense against disease to activate the cell-mediated defense against pathogens

b

Health workers working with diphtheria commonly receive a serum with antibodies against the pathogen. What type of immunity would this be? active, artificial immunity active, natural immunity passive artificial immunity passive, natural immunity

c

How do cytotoxic cells directly attack pathogens? Hints Cytotoxic cells release antibodies that track down foreign cells and destroy them. Cytotoxic cells release complement proteins that weaken pathogen cell membranes and amplify the immune response. They bind to the pathogen and secrete chemicals that induce apoptosis. Cytotoxic cells engulf pathogens via phagocytosis.

c

The primary immune response ________. occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response is another name for immunological memory has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells occurs when memory cells are stimulated

c

Which cell of the immune system is absolutely required for an adaptive immune response in that it helps activate both humoral and cellular immune responses? plasma cell antigen-presenting cell helper T cell cytotoxic T cell

c

Which of the following best illustrates artificially acquired active humoral immunity? infection antibodies received in breast milk vaccines antivenoms

c

Which of the following does not respond to cell-mediated immunity? some cancer cells intracellular pathogens that reside within host cells pathogens in the lumen of the stomach foreign tissue transplants

c

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity? exposure to an antigen booster shot of vaccine passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus infusion of weakened viruses

c