Ch 24 Digestive System

During deglutition, smooth muscle contracts. the soft palate elevates. the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes. the lower esophageal sphincter opens. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons. hormones. intrinsic nerve plexuses. the contents of the digestive tract. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

The pancreas produces nucleases. lipases and amylase. sodium bicarbonate. peptidases and proteinases. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

The digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue. True False

True

The liver is the body's largest gland. True False

True

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except digestion of carbohydrates. mechanical processing of food. lubrication. absorption of monosaccharides. sensory analysis of material before swallowing.

absorption of monosaccharides.

Functions of the stomach include all of the following except absorption of triglycerides. initiation of protein digestion. denaturation of proteins. mechanical breakdown of food. storage of ingested food.

absorption of triglycerides.

Each of the following is a function of the liver except synthesis and secretion of bile. inactivation of toxins. synthesis of plasma proteins. antibody production. storage of glycogen and iron reserves.

antibody production.

A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the appendix. ileum. haustra. pancreas. gallbladder.

appendix.

There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________. when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients

before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought

Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by water that was ingested with the food. bile from the liver. enzymes from the intestinal crypts. trypsin. bicarbonate from the pancreas.

bicarbonate from the pancreas.

When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________. chemical digestion secretion absorption mechanical digestion

chemical digestion

Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile? gastric inhibitor peptide gastrin cholecystokinin secretin

cholecystokinin (CCK)

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________. return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract distribute hormones throughout the body collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would interfere with both intestinal motility and gastric secretion. decrease gastric secretion. increase intestinal motility. decrease intestinal motility. increase gastric secretion.

decrease intestinal motility.

At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the transverse colon. descending colon. sigmoid colon. ascending colon. rectum.

descending colon.

At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the sigmoid colon. descending colon. rectum. transverse colon. ascending colon.

descending colon.

Within the oral cavity, both mechanical and chemical ________ begin. digestion secretions ingestion mastication deglutition

digestion

The pylorus empties into the colon. cecum. ileum. duodenum. jejunum.

duodenum.

Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products? zymogenic cells mucous neck cells parietal cells enteroendocrine cells

enteroendocrine cells

The clinical term for the gas produced by bacteria in the colon as they metabolize indigestible carbohydrates is called wind. fumes. flatus. gust. vapors.

flatus.

Bile is stored in the pancreas. appendix. gallbladder. liver. duodenum.

gallbladder.

The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. lamina propria serosa mesenteries fibrosa adventitia

mesenteries

Complexes of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts are called varicosities. micelles. chylomicrons. vesicles. countertransporters.

micelles.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach. ileum. duodenum. mouth. esophagus.

mouth.

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except aiding in speech. mechanical processing of food. sensory analysis of food. partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx. manipulation of food.

partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called churning movements. segmentation. mastication. pendular movements. peristalsis.

peristalsis.

Functions of the large intestine include most of the chemical breakdown of food. absorption of bile salts. production of gas to move waste toward the rectum. secretion of vitamins. reabsorption of water and compaction of feces.

reabsorption of water and compaction of feces.

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption? esophagus large intestine small intestine stomach pancreas

small intestine

Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile. Bile contains enzymes for digestion. Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs. Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion. Bile functions to emulsify fats.

Bile contains enzymes for digestion.

Absorption of many nutrients starts in the stomach. True False

False

Circular folds and intestinal villi produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine. increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. produce hormones. carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries. secrete digestive enzymes.

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

Digestion refers to the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. progressive dehydration of indigestible residue. chemical breakdown of food. mechanical breakdown of food. All of the answers are correct.

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.

At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the rectum. ascending colon. sigmoid colon. descending colon. transverse colon.

transverse colon.

A proenzyme secreted by the pancreas is amylase. trypsinogen. carboxypeptidase. lipase. All of the answers are correct.

trypsinogen

An obstruction of the common bile duct often results in inability to digest protein. a decrease in production of pancreatic juice. hepatitis. undigested fat in the feces. cirrhosis of the liver.

undigested fat in the feces.