Ch. 25 Metabolism Multiple Choice

D) all of the above

A balanced diet should A) include adequate substrates for the production of energy. B) provide essential amino acids and fatty acids. C) contain adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C) rickets

A deficiency in vitamin D would result in which of the following disorders? A) scurvy B) night blindness C) rickets D) pernicious anemia E) pellagra

E) hypervitaminosis.

A disorder caused by the ingestion of excessive quantities of a fat-soluble vitamin is known as A) protein deficiency disease. B) Kwashiorkor. C) avitaminosis. D) carbohydrate loading. E) hypervitaminosis.

C) all of the above

A drug that blocks the action of lipoprotein lipase would A) interfere with triglyceride utilization. B) prolong the circulation time of chylomicrons. C) all of the above D) none of the above

A) gout.

A high uric acid level (above 7.4 mg/dl) can lead to the painful condition known as A) gout. B) rheumatoid arthritis. C) anorexia nervosa. D) lupus. E) none of the above

A) pyridoxine (B6).

A vitamin obtained from meat that is a coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is A) pyridoxine (B6). B) pantothenic acid. C) riboflavin. D) folic acid (folate). E) niacin.

C) lipids are converted into glycogen molecules.

All of the following are true of beta-oxidation, except that A) it occurs in the mitochondria. B) fatty acids break down into acetyl-CoA that enter the citric acid cycle. C) lipids are converted into glycogen molecules. D) it requires coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD. E) it ultimately yields large amounts of ATP.

B) levels of blood glucose are elevated.

All of the following occur during the postabsorptive state, except that A) glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver. B) levels of blood glucose are elevated. C) ketone bodies may be formed. D) fat mobilization occurs. E) gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver.

B) glucose

Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ________ yields energy the quickest. A) glycogen B) glucose C) protein D) fat E) All of the above have the same rate.

D) protein.

Catabolism of all of the following is fairly common for energy production, except A) carbohydrates. B) lipids. C) glucose. D) protein.

E) all of the above

Cells must synthesize new organic compounds A) to support growth. B) to perform structural maintenance or repairs. C) to produce secretions. D) to store nutrient reserves. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for A) muscle contraction. B) ion transport. C) protein synthesis. D) glycogen synthesis. E) all of the above

D) all of the above

Cells synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons? A) structural maintenance B) growth and repair C) production of secretions D) all of the above E) none of the above

B) C

Deficiency in this vitamin can result in a condition called scurvy. A) A B) C C) B1 D) B12 E) D

B) triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.

During lipolysis A) triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl-CoA. B) triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. C) lipids are converted into glucose molecules. D) lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates. E) lipids are metabolized to yield ATP.

E) the liver forms glycogen and insulin levels are elevated.

During the absorptive state, A) the liver forms glycogen. B) adipocytes release fatty acids to the circulation. C) skeletal muscle breaks down glycogen. D) insulin levels are elevated. E) the liver forms glycogen and insulin levels are elevated.

D) 10

For children there are ________ essential amino acids. A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10 E) 20

D) all of the above

Glucocorticoids have which of the following effects on general peripheral tissues? A) They increase the conversion of amino acids to pyruvate. B) They increase gluconeogenesis. C) They increase glycogenolysis. D) all of the above E) none of the above

A) vitamin A.

Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of A) vitamin A. B) vitamin B12. C) vitamin C. D) niacin. E) riboflavin.

C) the movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly obtained from A) the splitting of oxygen molecules. B) the breaking of the covalent bonds in glucose. C) the movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane. D) the combination of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen to form water. E) the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.

E) a coenzyme or a cytochrome

In the ETS, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another. A) a hydrogen ion B) a coenzyme C) the acetyl group D) a cytochrome E) a coenzyme or a cytochrome

D) all of the above

In the human body, cholesterol is important because it A) is a lipid component of all cell membranes. B) is a key constituent of bile. C) is the precursor of several steroid hormones and vitamin D3. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C) transferred to another molecule

In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is ________, yielding a different amino acid. A) converted to ammonia B) converted to urea C) transferred to another molecule D) absorbed by water E) transferred to acetyl-CoA

D) D

Inadequate exposure to sunlight could result in decreased amounts of vitamin ________ in the body. A) A B) B12 C) C D) D E) E

C) essential fatty acids.

Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are examples of A) transport proteins. B) lipoproteins. C) essential fatty acids. D) essential amino acids. E) vitamins.

D) provide energy for cells with modest energy demands like resting skeletal muscle.

Lipids A) deliver somewhat less energy than an equivalent mass of glucose. B) are difficult to store since they are not water soluble. C) yield quick bursts of energy. D) provide energy for cells with modest energy demands like resting skeletal muscle. E) are difficult to store since they are not water soluble and yield quick bursts of energy.

D) acetyl-CoA.

Lipogenesis generally begins with A) glucose. B) amino acids. C) fatty acids. D) acetyl-CoA. E) succinyl-CoA.

D) 20

Obesity is defined as a body weight more than ________ percent above the ideal body weight for an individual. A) 5 B) 10 C) 15 D) 20 E) 30

D) all of the above

On a tour of African countries, Don contracts a bad case of traveler's diarrhea. Because he can't eat very much, his body starts to use energy sources other than carbohydrates. This would result in A) increased levels of urea in the blood. B) ketosis and a decreased blood pH. C) increased gluconeogenesis in the liver. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D) cytochromes

Poisons like cyanide bind to ________ and prevent electron transfer. A) enzymes B) the endoplasmic reticulum C) acetyl-CoA D) cytochromes E) mitochondria

C) the mitochondria

Reactions within ________ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell. A) cytoplasm B) the plasma membrane C) the mitochondria D) the endoplasmic reticulum E) none of the above

B) the citric acid cycle

The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during A) glycolysis. B) the citric acid cycle. C) electron transport. D) the formation of pyruvic acid. E) the formation of water.

A) begins with the formation of a molecule citric acid

The citric acid cycle A) begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid. B) directly produces most of the ATP from the catabolism of glucose. C) consumes two moles of carbon dioxide. D) contains enzymes called cytochromes. E) forms acetyl-CoA from glucose-6-phosphate.

B) urea.

The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces A) ketone bodies. B) urea. C) nitrate. D) acetyl-CoA. E) water.

D) all of the above

The electron transport system A) receives electrons from coenzymes. B) produces energy that supports the synthesis of ATP. C) is found on the inner mitochondrial membrane (the cristae). D) all of the above E) none of the above

A) linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

The essential fatty acids are A) linoleic acid and linolenic acid. B) leucine and lysine. C) cholesterol and glycerol. D) HDLs and LDLs. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

The food pyramid recommends many servings a day of dark-green and orange vegetables. Which vitamin is particularly abundant in this food group? A) A B) C C) E D) folic acid E) all of the above

A) remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes.

The function of the citric acid cycle is to A) remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes. B) transfer the acetyl group. C) hydrolyze glucose. D) produce carbon dioxide. E) produce water.

E) chylomicrons

The largest lipoproteins, ________ are produced by intestinal epithelial cells from the fats in food. A) very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) B) low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) C) intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs) D) high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) E) chylomicrons

D) chylomicrons.

The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are the A) HDLs. B) VLDLs. C) LDLs. D) chylomicrons. E) none of the above

D) the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds.

The major job of coenzymes in oxidative phosphorylation include all of the following, except A) release of hydrogen ions. B) ionization of hydrogen atoms. C) release of electrons to the first cytochrome of the electron transport chain. D) the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds. E) none of the above

C) fats.

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are A) carbohydrates. B) proteins. C) fats. D) nucleic acids. E) vitamins.

E) metabolism

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called A) glycolysis. B) oxidative phosphorylation. C) catabolism. D) anabolism. E) metabolism.

C) folic acid (folate).

The vitamin that is a coenzyme in amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism is A) pantothenic acid. B) pyridoxine (B6). C) folic acid (folate). D) vitamin C. E) vitamin K.

E) K.

The vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is vitamin A) A. B) B. C) C. D) E. E) K.

B) riboflavin.

The vitamin that is part of coenzymes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is A) thiamine. B) riboflavin. C) niacin. D) folic acid (folate). E) cobalamin.

D) D.

The vitamin that is required for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is vitamin A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) E.

A) A.

The vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelia and is required for the synthesis of visual pigments is vitamin A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) E.

E) E.

The vitamin that prevents breakdown of vitamin A and fatty acids is vitamin A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) E.

A) thiamine.

The vitamin whose deficiency causes beriberi is A) thiamine. B) riboflavin. C) niacin. D) folic acid (folate). E) cobalamin.

A) liver.

Urea is formed in the A) liver. B) stomach. C) kidneys. D) small intestine. E) large intestine.

D) all of the above

Wally decides to go on a hunger strike to further one of his favorite causes. After many days with nothing but water you would expect to observe A) elevated levels of glucocorticoids. B) ketone bodies in his urine. C) lowered blood pH. D) all of the above E) none of the above

A) postabsorptive state.

When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the A) postabsorptive state. B) absorptive state. C) starvation state. D) deprivation state. E) preabsorptive state.

B) growth hormone

Which of the following complements the actions of glucocorticoids? A) insulin B) growth hormone C) glucagon D) epinephrine E) androgens

D) High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. A) Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) B) Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) C) Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs) D) High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) E) Very-high-density lipoproteins (VHDLs)