CH 25 Prac Test

An excessive urine output is called anuria. T/F

F

Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress. T/F

F

Both the male and female urethras serve both the urinary and the reproductive systems. T/F

F

Capsular hydrostatic pressure is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane. T/F

F

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water. T/F

F

The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate. T/F

F

The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct. T/F

F

A relatively large afferent arteriole on one side of the glomerulus compared to a relatively smaller efferent arteriole creates an increase in hydrostatic pressure that drives glomerular filtration. T/F

T

Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate. T/F

T

Atrial naturetic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption. T/F

T

The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle. T/F

T

Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH. T/F

T

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1. major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4. urethra 5. ureter 6. collecting duct a. 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4 b. 3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4 c. 6, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4 d. 2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 4

a. 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH? a. by secreting sodium ions b. by secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate c. by producing new bicarbonate ions d. by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate ions

a. by secreting sodium ions

The function of angiotensin II is to ________. a. constrict arterioles and increase bp b. decrease arterial bp c. decrease the production of aldosterone d. decrease water absorption

a. constrict arterioles and increase bp

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule? a. creatinine b. K+ c. Na+ d. glucose

a. creatinine

Upon reaching what point in the nephron is reabsorption (1) dependent upon the body's needs at the time and (2) regulated by hormones? a. distal convoluted tubule b. proximal convoluted tubule c. descending limb of the loop of Henle d. ascending limb of the loop of Henle

a. distal convoluted tubule

Which of these should NOT normally appear in urine? a. glucose b. sodium c. phosphates d. creatine

a. glucose

Which of the following is not true regarding tubular reabsorption? a. It is a purely passive transport process. b. It is a reclamation process. c. It involves hormonal signals in the collecting ducts. d. It occurs via transcellular or paracellular routes.

a. it is a purely passive transport process

The filtration membrane includes all except ________. a. renal fascia b. glomerular endothelium c. basement membrane d. podocytes

a. renal fascia

Approximately 80% of the energy used for active transport is devoted to the reabsorption of __________. a. sodium b. potassium c. water d. glucose

a. sodium

What is the juxtaglomerular complex? a. system that regulates the rate of filtrate formation and systemic bp b. system for concentrating urine c. system for diluting urine d. system that protects the nephron from some chemicals found in blood

a. system that regulates the rate of filtration formation and systemic bp

If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus increases (vasodilation) which of the following is not likely to occur? a. Systemic bp will go up. b. Glomerular filtration rate will increase. c. Urine output will increase. d. Net filtration pressure will increase.

a. systemic bp will go up

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle? a. vasa recta b. podocyte c. an efferent arteriole d. fenestrated capillary

a. vasa recta

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic controls of the kidney? a. Extrinsic controls will reduce blood plasma volume while intrinsic controls will increase blood plasma volumes b. Extrinsic controls have the greatest effect on systemic bp while intrinsic control have a greater effect on GFR c. Intrinsic controls raise bp while extrinsic controls lower bp d. Extrinsic and intrinsic controls work in nearly opposite ways

b. Extrinsic controls have the greatest effect on systemic bp while intrinsic control have a greater effect on GFR

Which of the following is the best explanation for why the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) contain so many mitochondria? a. Contraction of the PCT moves filtrate thru the tubule. b. A great deal of active transport takes place in the PCT. c. Cells of the PCT go thru a great deal of mitosis. d. This provides the energy needed to fight kidney infection.

b. a great deal of active transport takes place in the PCT

The thin segment of the nephron loop's descending limb ________. a. aids in the passive excretion of nitrogenous waste b. aids in the passive movement of water out of the tubule c. helps to pack a greater number of nephron loops into a smaller space d. is easily broken and replaced often

b. aids in the passive movement of water out of the tubule

The __________ collect(s) urine, which drains continuously from the papillae; the urine is then emptied into the __________. a. renal pelvis; calyces b. calyces; renal pelvis c. renal pyramids; renal pelvis d. renal pyramids; calyces

b. calyces; renal pelvis

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________. a. has a bp much lower than other organ systems b. is drained by an efferent arteriole c. has a basement membrane d. is impermeable to most substances

b. is drained by an efferent arteriole

The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________. a. filtration b. osmosis c. active transport d. cotransport with sodium ions

b. osmosis

An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is ________. a. much higher than water b. slightly higher than water c. less than water d. the same as water

b. slightly higher than water

The __________ is a skeletal muscle under conscious control that allows urine to leave the bladder. a. prostatic urethra b. internal urethral sphincter c. external urethral sphincter d. external urethral orifice

c. external urethral sphincter

What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular complex? a. help regulate bp and the rate of excretion by the kidneys b. help regulate urea absorption by the kidneys c. help regulate bp and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys d. help regulate water and electrolyte excretion by the kidneys

c. help regulate bp and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys

Which pressure accounts for the other three? a. capsular hydrostatic pressure b. glomerular hydrostatic pressure c. net filtration pressure d. blood colloid osmotic pressure

c. net filtration pressure

The fluid in glomerular capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________. a. hormones b. glucose c. plasma protein d. electrolytes

c. plasma protein

Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular complex? a. macula densa b. granular cells c. podocyte cells d. mesangial cells

c. podocyte cells

Where in the nephron does most solute reabsorption occur? a. collecting duct b. glomerulus c. proximal convoluted tubule d. distal convoluted tubule

c. proximal convoluted tubule

Which of the following is the site where we would expect to see the majority of the nephron loops? a. renal corpuscle b. renal pelvis c. renal pyramid d. renal capsule

c. renal pyramid

The relatively long half-life of lipid soluble hormones (steroid hormones) compared to water soluble hormones is due in part to the way that these hormones are passed into the filtrate from the glomerular capillaries. From the list below select the best explanation for why lipid soluble (steroid) hormones have a relatively long half-life. a. The relatively small size of steroid hormones allows them to easily pass back into the peritubular capillaries if released into the filtrate. b. Steroid hormones are absorbed by target cells before they can reach the kidneys. c. Steroid hormones travel in the plasma on large transport proteins that cannot pass thru the filtration membrane. d. The large size of the steroid hormones prevents them from passing thru the filtration membrane.

c. steroid hormones travel in the plasma on large transport proteins that cannot pass thru the filtration membrane

A nonfasting urine sample from an individual who had previously ingested donuts and a soft drink showed the presence of sugar (glucose). Which of the following statements explains the presence of glucose in the urine? a. The individual is glucose intolerant. b. The individual has diabetes mellitus. c. The individual exceeded the transport maximum. d.Some glucose is always present in the urine.

c. the individual exceeded the transport maximum

Which urinary structure serves as the transporter for urine toward the bladder? a. renal pelvis b. kidney c. ureter d. urethra

c. ureter

Which of the following is NOT a cause of anuria? a. renal failure b. obstruction in the urethra c. vasodilation of afferent arterioles d. heart failure

c. vasodilation of afferent arterioles

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the ________. a. myogenic mechanism b. colloid osmotic pressure of the blood c. capsular hydrostatic pressure d. glomerular hydrostatic pressure

d. glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Which of the following does not describe the juxtaglomerular complex? a. It helps control systemic blood pressure. b. Its granular cells produce renin. c. It regulates the rate of filtrate formation. d. Its macula densa cells produce aldosterone.

d. its macula densa cells produce aldosterone

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________. a. glomerular capsule b. capsular space c. nephron loop d. nephron

d. nephron

Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by ________. a. passive transport b. countertransport c. facilitated diffusion d. secondary active transport

d. secondary active transport

Which statement does NOT accurately describe the renal gross anatomy? a. The space where blood vessels and nerves enter the kidney is called the hilum. b. The fibrous capsule prevents infections frm spreading away from the kidney. c. The kidneys have partial protection frm the rib cage. d. The left kidney is lower in position bc of crowding by the liver

d. the left kidney is lower in position bc of crowding by the liver

The frequency of cystitis in men is lower than in women because ______. a. the external urethral sphincter in men is usually closed b. the internal urethral sphincter in men is usually closed c. the pH of a man's urine is usually more acidic than a woman's urine d. the male urethra is longer than the female urethra

d. the male urethra is longer than the female urethra

Select the correct statement about the ureters. a. The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch. b. Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine. c. The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only. d. The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.

d. the ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract

What is the best explanation for the microvilli on the apical surface of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? a. They increase the amount of surface area that comes in contact with the blood's plasma to help actively excrete toxins. b. Their movements propel the filtrate through the tubules. c. They hold on to enzymes that cleanse the filtrate before reabsorption. d. They increase the surface area and allow for a greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed.

d. they increase the surface area and allow for a greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed.