CH 26- The Triumph of Conservativism

The 1980's could be called the second: a. Gilded age b. Progressive era c. Era of Good Feelings d. New Deal society e. industrial revolution

a. Gilded Age

What contradiction did the Reagan 's presidency reveal about modern conservativism? a. Reagan policies enriched investors and CEO's but eviscerated the economies and communities of the industrial heartland. b. Conservatives promised to destroy labor unions only to depend on their political support in elections. c. Republicans brought ore women into public office than any other party, but actively legislated for men's rights. d. Demanded that the federal government administer all aid, even on the local level. e. Proposed that no new federal agencies be created.

a. Reagan policies enriched investors and CEO's but eviscerated the economies and communities of the industrial heartland.

The Church Committee revealed that since the beginning of the Cold War: a. The CIA and FBI had engaged in abusive actions. b. the Catholic Church had secretly channeled funds to Third World countries fighting Communism. c. Every administration had traded arms for hostages behind the back of Congress. d. The Ku Klux Klan had been receiving funds from the FBI to sabotage the civil rights movement. e. The draft process had unfairly drafted the poor and minorities, while white, middle class men were often exempt.

a. The CIA and FBI ad engaged in abusive actions.

During the 1970's: a. The age at which American married increased and divorce rates rose. b. The age at which Americans married decreased and divorce rates declined. c. The baby boom continued unabated. d. Divorce became less socially acceptable. e. Marriage became obsolete.

a. The age at which American married increased and divorce rates rose.

Why did the CIA seek to destabilize the government of Chile after 1970? a. The country had elected socialist Salvador Allende into office. b. The US sought to prevent the coup of General Augusto Pinochet. c. The Chilean government had blocked US access to Chilean copper mines. d. The government of Chile had provided North Vietnam with covert support. e. While had been hosting Che Guevara, long time public enemy to the US.

a. The country had elected socialist Salvador Allende into office.

Geraldine Ferraro is best known as: a. the first female candidate on a major-party presidential ticket b. a conservative who campaigned against the Equal Rights Amendment c. the leader of the Redstockings d. cofounder of the National Organization of Women (NOW) e. the first female Supreme Court justice

a. The first female candidate on a major-party ticket.

Bowers v. Hardwick: a. upheld the constitutionality of state laws outlawing homosexual acts b. took the U.S. off the gold standard c. ruled affirmative action was constitutional in university decisions regarding enrollment d. stated that a criminal had the right to a state-appointed lawyer e. upheld the practices of racial housing segregation

a. Upheld the constitutionality of state laws outlawing homosexual acts.

The 1971 ruling Swann vs, Charlotte -Mecklenburg Board of Education led to the: a. Use of busing as a tool to achieve school integration. b. Implementation of affirmative action in higher education, c. First female students admitted to Yale and Harvard. d. Reversal of he Brown v. Board of Education decision. e. Firing a suspected communist professors in universities.

a. Use of busing as a tool to achieve school integration.

In 1975, the Vietnam War ended: a. As the only war lost by the US b. as military, political, and social victory for the US c. Leaving very few Vietnamese casualties. d. Leaving many Americans optimistic. e. As a result of the US invasion of Cambodia.

a. as the only war lost by the U.S.

The Moral Majority:

b. Feared family values were being undermined.

In the early 1970's which commodity did many Americans have to wait in long lines to purchase? a. Automobiles. b. Gas c. Water d. Tires e. Oil

b. Gas

Which is NOT an agency created or act passed under the Nixon administration? a. Endangered Species Act. b. Office of Economic Opportunity. c. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. d. National Transportation Safety Board. e. Environmental Protection Agency.

b. Office of Economic Opportunity.

Determined to overturn the Vietnam syndrome, President Reagan: a. refused to commit the U.S. troops abroad b. sent troops to Grenada and Lebanon c. expanded Carter's policy of human right's d. sent troops to overthrow a repressive dictatorship in Chile e. refused monetary aid for the repressive gov'ts in El Salvador and Guatemala

b. Sent troops to Grenada and Lebanon.

During the 1970's, evangelical Christians: a. Significantly declined in number, as they became less vocal. b. Significantly increased in number, as they became more vocal. c. Became more liberal in their beliefs. d. Were banned from holding public office. e. Were banned from making television appearances.

b. Significantly increased in number, as they became more vocal.

The Three Mile Island nuclear plant: a. Proved the success of the alternative energy resource. b. Was the first of its kind to be operational. c. Brought a halt to the nuclear energy industry's expansion. d. Was the first nuclear plant to have an accident. e. Stood as a symbol of American scientific and technologic superiority.

c. Brought a halt to the nuclear energy industry's expansion.

The opponents of the ERA defined freedom for women as: a. Being within the public sphere. b. The right to control their own bodies. c. Residing in the roles of wife and mother. d. Economic opportunity. e. The right to an easy divorce.

c. Economic opportunity.

In Regents of the University of California, the Supreme Court ruled that: a. Affirmative Action was unconstitutional. b. Racial quotas for college admissions were constitutional. c. Fixed affirmative action quotas were unconstitutional. d. Race could no longer be used as a factor in college admissions. e. Gender could no longer be used as a factor in college admissions.

c. Fixed affirmative action quotas were unconstitutional.

Why did President Nixon embrace the Philadelphia Plan for affirmative action in the building of trades? a. He had personal experience with racial discrimination business. b. The plan had the trade unions' support and he was hoping to earn their endorsement. c. He was trying to fight deflation by boosting radial diversity in skilled crafts. d. He was hoping to weaken the power of trade unions. e. He had significant experience with the construction business as former developer.

d. He was hoping to weaken the power of trade unions.

One of the loudest opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment was: a. Alice Paul b. Gloria Steinman c. Betty Friedan d. Phyllis Schlafly e. Geraldine Ferraro

d. Phyllis Schlafly.

Why was Jimmy Carter's suspension of aid to Argentina such a dramatic gesture? a. Argentina had elected a fairly moderate socialist president, Salvador Allende. b. Argentina's dictatorship was strict, but mild compared to neighboring regimes. c. Argentina's dictatorship was an exception in an otherwise social-democratic region. d. Previous administrations had been silent about the regime's atrocities. e. Argentina was the least significant developing nation in Latin America.

d. Previous administrations had been silent about the regime's atrocities.

Which of the following statements best assesses the impact of Proposition 13 in California? a. The measure offered a windfall to homeowners at the expense of small businesses. b. The measure flushed public schools with short-loved budget surpluses. c. Proposition 13 led to a dramatic expansion to the California prison system. d. The measure reduced funds for libraries, school and other services. e. The measure stirred anti-immigrant sentiment in the Golden State.

d. The measure reduced funds for libraries, schools and other services.

In order to protect US interests, the Carter Doctrine declared that the US would: a. Never intervene in the affairs of another nation. b. Use military force, particularly in Southeast Asia. c. Use military fore, particularly in the Western Hemisphere. d. Use military force, particularly in Persian Gulf. e. Use nuclear weapons only if attacked first.

d. Use military force, particularly in the Persian Gulf.

Which of the following comparisons of wage trends for 1953-1973 and 1073-1993 is accurate a. Wages were more equitable for women and minorities in the first period than in the second. b. Wage gains were typically eaten up by the inflation in the first half. c. Nominal wages gradually sunk in the first half and rose in the second, but real wages behaved in the opposite way. d. Wages increased significantly in the first period but stagnated in the second. e. Wages for women grew significantly while men's wages declined.

d. Wages increased significantly in the first period but stagnated in the second.

Domestically, President Gerald Ford: a. Was a successful at reviving the American economy. b. Introduced programs that encouraged growth in manufacturing sector. c. Reversed the economic policies of his predecessor. d. Restored Americans' confidence in their nation, as business boomed. e. Failed to revive the economy.

e. Failed to revive the economy.

Affirmative action was: a. Found unconstitutional during the Nixon administration. b. Eliminated Aid to Families with Dependent Children. c. Implemented only in Philadelphia. d. Never a priority during the Nixon administration. e. First pursued and then abandoned by the Nixon administration.

e. First pursued and then abandoned by the Nixon administration.

President Carter's foreign policy emphasized: a. The need to fight communism around the world. b. The policy of containment. c. The right of the US to intervene in Latin America. d. An increased military presence in Southeast Asia. e. Human rights as a diplomatic priority.

e. Human rights as a diplomatic priority.

In foreign policy, Reagan: a. opposed "authoritarian" noncommunist regimes b. embraced Carter's emphasis on human rights c. decreased military spending d. called for a halt to the development of nuclear weapons e. initiated the largest military buildup in Am history

e. Initiated the largest military buildup in American history.

The writer Tom Wolfe dubbed the 1970's the "________________ Decade". a. Narcissistic b. Be happy c. Proud d. Free e. Me

e. Me

How did the experience of the 1960's shape America's neoconservatives? a. Neoconservatives came to believe that even the best-intentioned social programs did more harm than good. b. The expense of the space race convinced them that they had to give up fighting the Cold War. c. The U.S. experience in the Vietnam War taught neoconservatives to wage wars with all available resources. d. The Supreme Court reversed its position on access to contraception and allowed sates to ban condoms. e. Congress overrode Ford's veto and ended federal funding for abortion and Medicaid program.

a. Neoconservatives came to believe that even the best-intentioned social programs did more harm than good.

The Equal Rights Amendment: a. Pass Congress but failed ratification. b. Passed Congress and was ratified by the required 38 states. c. Had the support of all American women. d. Had little support from American men. e. Was supported by Phyllis Schlafly.

a. Passed Congress but failed ratification.

In 1976, Jimmy Carter won the presidential race in part because he: a. Promised to never lie to the American people. b. Pledged to pardon Richard Nixon. c. Did not support affirmative action. d. Was well connected within the Washington political scene. e. Promised a return to American isolationism.

a. Promised to never lie to the American people.

Nixon's Family Assistance Plan: a. Proposed to guarantee a minimum income for all American's. b. Won approval by Congress. c. Was seen as too radical by liberals. d. replaced the Aid to Families with Dependent Children. e. Was seen as inadequate by conservatives.

a. Proposed to guarantee a minimum income for all American's.

Opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment, like Phyllis Schlafly, argued the passaged of the ERA would: a. Take away a woman's right to be a housewife. b. Finally make women truly equal citizens, a goal set forth at Seneca Falls over a century before. c. Be amended so as to exclude women from being drafted in to the armed forces. d. Not change anything, and so its ratification would mean nothing. e. Elevate women to a superior class, allowing women to outnumber men in politics; professional jobs, and higher education programs within a decade.

a. Take away a woman's right to be a housewife.

Reagan's economic program, know as "supply side economics" relied on: a. tax cuts and high interest rates b. tax increases and low interest rates c. tax cuts specifically for low-income Ams d. increased environmental regulations e. increased regulation of workplace safety

a. Tax cuts and high interest rates.

Ronald Reagan's economic policy focused on: a. tax cuts b. high tariffs c. gov't spending on welfare d. reducing the federal debt e. expanding trade w/ china

a. Tax cuts.

In response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Carter pursued all the following EXCEPT: a. Boycotting the Moscow Olympics. b. Breaking off diplomatic relations with Pakistan. c. Placing an embargo on grain exports to the Soviet Union. d. Funneling aid to fundamentalist Muslims in Afghanistan who fought a guerilla war against the Soviets. e. Dramatically increased American military spending.

b. Breaking off diplomatic relations with Pakistan.

How did trickle down economics claim to increase government tax revenues? a. By increasing tariff. b. By lowering tax rates. c. By raising taxes. d. By lowering wages. e. By increasing the tax burden on the poor

b. By lowering tax rates.

During the 1970's, conservatives: a. Continued their overt opposition to the black struggle for racial justice. b. Insisted on more local control and resisted power of the federal government. c. Employed fiery rhetoric and direct confrontation tactics of Bull Connor and George Wallace. d. Made little progress. e. Appealed primarily to urban American.

b. Insisted on more local control and resisted power of the federal government.

Jerry Falwell created the: a. Christian Majority b. Moral Majority c. Silent Majority d. Super-Majority e. Feminist Majority

b. Moral Majority

Why did the gay and lesbian movement become a major concern for a. They understood that the popular gay movement could convert hundreds and thousands of impressionable youths. b. Thousands of new civil rights movements encouraged gays and lesbians to "come out". c. They feared that gays and lesbians might push for an end to the "don't ask, don't tell" policy. d. They suspected that many among their ranks were gay and lesbians themselves. e. They feared that the gay and lesbian movement might push for higher taxes on the wealthy. e. They feared

b. thousands of new civil rights movements encouraged gays and lesbians to "come out".

In 1972, Congress passed Title IX, which: a. Was passed over President Nixon's veto. b. Banned racial discrimination in higher education. c. Banned gender discrimination in higher education. d. Banned gender discrimination in the workplace. e. Guaranteed women equal access to pay.

c. Banned gender discrimination in higher education.

The Sagebrush Rebellion defined freedom as a. Being free to choose. b. A moral condition c. Being free from government tyranny. d. Being free from taxes. e. Condition that can never be fully attained.

c. Being free from government tyranny.

Richard Nixon's appointments to the Supreme Court were intended to a. Continued the liberal trend set by the Warren Court. b. Be balanced with conservatives and liberals. c. Lead the court in a conservative direction. d. Break gender barriers by his appointment of the first female justice. e. Appease the Democrats, since he ad to work with them in Congress on other issues.

c. Lead the Court in a conservative direction.

The handling of the Iranian hostage crisis: a. Was a diplomatic achievement for President Carter. b. Restored Americans' confidence in their nation. c. Made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept. d. Made Ronald Reagan weak and inept. e. Ended with the signing of the Camp David Accords.

c. Made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept.

Richard Nixon's New Federalism: a. Proposed a decrease in funding for Social Security. b. Called for a reduction in all government spending and a balanced budget. c. Proposed that a system of block grants be assigned to states to spend as they saw fit. d. Demanded that the federal government administer all aid, even on the local level. e. Proposed that no new federal agencies be created.

c. Proposed that a system of block grants be assigned to states to spend as they saw fit.

The economic condition know as stagflation was caused by: a. Declining oil prices. b. Low inflation rates. c. Stagnant economic growth and low inflation. d. Stagnant economic growth and high inflation. e. High income tax rates.

c. Stagnant economic growth and high inflation.

When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into: a. The psychiatrist Daniel Ellsberg's office. b. The Washington Post's headquarters c. The Democratic party headquarters. d. George McGovern's apartment

c. The Democratic Party headquarters.

What were the results of the U.S. invasion of neutral Cambodia in 1970? a. The Viet Cong lost access to its Ho Chi Minh Trail. b. South Vietnam gained increasing influence over a weak neighbor. c. The invasion destabilized the nation and ushered in a murderous regime. d. The impressive military action convinced Communist China to approach the US. e. As a result of the US invasion of Cambodia

c. The invasion destabilized the nation and ushered in a murderous regime.

When he assumed the presidency, Richard Nixon announced a new policy regarding Vietnam war known as: a. Dentene b. Americanization c. Vientamization d. Massive retaliation e. The New Look

c. Vietnamization

The Iran-Contra affair: a. had the approval of Congress and the Am public b. was the greatest achievement of the Reagan administration c. was the greatest scandal of the Reagan administration d. resulted in impeachment charges against Reagan e. refers to the U.S. efforts to overthrow the shah of Iran

c. Was the greatest scandal of the Reagan administration.

"Yuppie" was a term for: a. counterculture hippies of the 60s b. politically conscious students of the 60s c. wealthy, young urban professionals of the 80s d. the conservative youth of the 70s e. senior citizens who favored policies in the 80s

c. Wealthy, young urban professionals of the 1980s.

In his relations with major communists powers, President Nixon a. Was a fierce anticommunist. b. Viewed China and the Soviet Union as a unified bloc. c. Signed a strategic arms limitation treaty with the Soviet Union. d. Rejected Henry Kissinger's "realist" approach to the Cold War. e. Rejected "détente".

c. signed strategic arms limitation treaty with the Soviet Union.

What triggered the rise of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia? a. The victory of communists in Vietnam in 1975. b. The manipulation of the Soviet KGB secret service in Phnom Penh. c. The invasion of the U.S. troops in 1970. d. The assassination of Ngo Dink. e. The destruction of Viet Kong.

c. the invasion of the U.S. troops in 1970

In a historic move, in 1972 President Nixon opened diplomatic relations with: a. Taiwan b. China c. The Soviet Union d. Cuba e. North Vietnam

china

Why did President Carter cut off aid to Argentina in 1978? a. He was protesting the military junta under Augusto Pinochet that had grabbed power in a coup. b. He was sending a signal to the socialist Allende movement, which had nationalized the American dominated petroleum industry in the South American nation. c. Carter was expressing his support of GB 's PM Margaret Thatcher and its seizure of the Falkland Islands. d. A brutal military dictatorship had emerged there, waging a dirty war against its own citizens. e. A trade war between American and Argentinian beef producers had escalated to a diplomatic crisis.

d. A brutal military dictatorship had emerged there, waging a dirty war against its own citizens.

Who were the Redstockings? a. A militant black group. b. A communist group. c. An underground group promoting anarchy. d. A radical feminist group. e. A gay and lesbian group.

d. A radical feminist group.

Why did the fight over busing become so violent in Boston in the mid-1970's? a. In Boston, the racial divisions were between AFrican-Americans and Puerto Ricans as well as whites. b. The African-American community in Boston consisted only of very recent migrants from the South. c. Boston's politicians called on local residents to fight the busing order by all means necessary. d. Boston's tightly knit Irish-American community in South Boston fought integration violently. e. Boston was widely understood to have the best public school system in the country.

d. Boston's tightly knit Irish-American community in South Boston fought integration violently

Which of the following assessments of the Carter administration in 1980 is accurate? a. Without his masterful resolution to the Iranian hostage crisis, Carter's reelection would have been doubtful. b. Prior to Regan's announcement that he was going to run for President, few Americans would have doubted Carter's reelection. c. Only Carter's defeat in the 1980 election saved him from almost certain impeachment by a heavily Republican congress. d. Carter's approval ratings in 1980 had fallen lower than Nixon's at the time of his resignation. e. Carter's bold boycott of the Moscow Olympics in protest over the invasion of Afghanistan dramatically improved his changes at reelection.

d. Carter's approval ratings in 1980 had fallen lower than Nixon's at the time of his resignation.

The Nixon's Philadelphia Plan: a. Expanded the War of Poverty. b. Won approval by Congress. c. Implemented forced busing to integrate public schools. d. Expanded affirmative action. e. Was seen as inadequate by conservatives.

d. Expanded affirmative action.

Voters approved Proposition 13 in California, a law that banned: a. Mexican immigration b. Bilingual education in public schools. c. Abortion d. Further increases in property taxes. e. Issuing drivers licenses to illegal aliens.

d. Further increases in property taxes.

The election of 1980 reflected: a. The end of conservatism. b. The validation of big government. c. A return to progressivism. d. Growing frustration over America's condition.

d. Growing frustration over America's condition.

The Regan Revolution: a. included an emphasis on global human rights b.introduced an expanded welfare state c. strenghtened the labor movement d. included cuts to gov't programs e. had little appeal to most Ams

d. Included cuts to government programs.

Which nation held fifty-three Americans hostage from November 1979-Janurary 1981? a. Saudi Arabia b. Nicaragua c. El Salvador d. Iran e. Libya

d. Iran

Which of the following statements correctly describes the outcome of the My Lai massacre? a. The military cover-up of the atrocity prevented the guilty parties from ever facing trial. b. American public opinion declared the defendants guilty before there even was a trial. c. The leaders responsible for the massacre were all sentenced to life and remain in jail today. d. One person was found guilty in this killing of 350 civilians, but was released in 1974. e. The event prompted Americans to reflect more deeply on the implications of the Nuremburg trials.

d. One person was found guilty in this killing of 350 civilians, but was released in 1974.

Why did conservatives have the last laugh in the Watergate scandal? a. President Ford pardoned Richard Nixon, who was able to resume his political career soon after. b. Americans voted resoundingly for another Republican president in 1976. c. Most of the guilty officials in the Watergate scandal were Democrats, not Republicans. d. Watergate proved the conservatives point that the power of the federal government had to be restricted. e. Nixon was exonerated in a contentious civil lawsuit in 1979.

d. Watergate proved the conservatives point that the power of the federal government had to be restricted.

Why had it been premature for liberals to celebrate the downfall of their political adversary Richard Nixon? a. Nixon would stage a second political comeback in the Reagan administration. b. AS many Democrats and Republicans wound up in jail in the Watergate scandal. c. Nixon remained popular with the American public, despite Watergate scandal. d. Watergate undermined public confidence in the merits of the federal government. e. REpublicans distanced themselves from Nixon and won majorities in 1974.

d. Watergate undermined public confidence in the merits of the federal government.

Under the Nixon administration, the U.S.: a. Supported the government of Salvador Allende in Chile. b. Viewed China and the Soviet Union as a unified bloc. c. Signed a strategic arms limitation treaty with the Soviet Union. d. Continued to undermine Third World governments. e. Focused its foreign policy on Southeast Asia.

d; Continued to undermine Third World governments.

Which striking labor group did Reagan have fired? a.Steel workers b. Textile workers c. Truck drivers d. Post office workers e. Air traffic controllers

e. Air traffic controllers.

What setback did the advocates of Roe vs. Wade decision of 1973 suffer in 1976? a. President Ford vetoed Federal Funding for abortion. b. The Supreme Court declared bans on abortion constitutional. c. Congress enacted a bill banning abortion from health care policies for federal employees. d. The Supreme Court reversed its positon on access to contraception and allowed states to ban condoms. e. Congress overrode Ford's veto and ended federal funding for abortion in the Medicaid program.

e. Congress overrode Ford's veto and ended federal funding for abortion in the Medicaid program.

All of the following are evidence that freedom for women expanded in the 1970's EXCEPT: a. Title IX, which banned gender discrimination in higher education. b. A higher divorce rate and lower birth rate. c. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act. d. More employment opportunities, such as with AT & T. e. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke.

e. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke.

Reagan's economic policies: a. expanded school lunch and food stamp programs b. enlarged gov't revenue c. decreased the national debt d. strengthened labor unions e. resulted in a rise in economic inequality

e. Resulted in a rise in economic inequality.

The Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the National Transportation Safety Board were all established during the administration of : a. Lyndon Johnson b. Gerald Ford c. Ronald Reagan d. Jimmy Carter e. Richard Nixon

e. Richard Nixon

What led to the congressional discovery that the FBI has spied on millions of American in the 1960's? a. The assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem. B. The invasion of Cambodia. c. The revelations about the My Lai Massacre. d. The hearings in the wake of the Kent State shootings. e. The Church Committee Investigations

e. The Church Committee Investigations.

What victory could cultural conservatives claim in 1986? a. They had secured a federal ban on pornography in the Supreme Court. b. A majority of states ratified a constitutional amendment banning abortion. c. They succeeded in mandating the labeling of explicit lyrics for hip hop albums. d. They had secured federal censorship of pornography. e. The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of state laws banning homosexual acts.

e. The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of state laws banning homosexual acts.

By the end of Reagan's second term in office, he viewed the Soviet Union: a. as an evil empire b. w/ great disdain c. as an expansionist power d. as a strong ally e. w/ much less suspicion

e. With less suspicion.