Ch 27.5
Which of the following is the best way of describing respiratory compensation?
A change in the respiratory rate that helps stabilize the pH of the ECF.
Which of the following is not consistent with rising CO2 levels?
Additional Na+ ions are released.
Acid is a natural byproduct of many metabolic processes. Which of the following does not contribute to an increase in H+?
H+ is increased by expiration of CO2 by the lungs.
Which term is correctly matched up with its definition?
Salt—an ionic compound consisting of a cation other than hydrogen and an anion other than a hydroxide ion
What is the kidney's response to acidosis?
Secretion of H+ into urine
Which of the following is NOT a buffer system in the ECF or ICF?
Sulfate buffer system
Which of the following does not occur when the pH increases (become more basic)?
The carboxylate ion can act as a weak base and accept additional H+ ions.
What is required for the body to be in acid-base balance?
The production of hydrogen ions is exactly offset by their loss.
In a protein buffer system, if the pH increases, the carboxyl group (COOH) of the amino acid dissociates and releases __________.
a hydrogen ion
Deviations outside of the normal pH range due to increases in hydrogen ion concentrations would do all of the following except __________.
decrease the rate of respiration
The primary role of the carbonic acid−bicarbonate buffer system is to __________.
prevent changes in pH caused by metabolic and fixed acids in the ECF
The hemoglobin buffer system helps prevent drastic alterations in pH when __________.
the plasma PCO2 is rising or falling
Why must tubular fluid in the nephron be buffered?
to keep H+ from diffusing back into the blood. To prevent the pH of the urine from becoming too low. To allow secretion of H+ to continue
A pH below ____ or above _____ is not sustainable for life.
6.8; 7.7
What is the normal pH of ECF?
7.35-7.45
If the partial pressure of CO2 rises in the blood, which of the following happens?
A decrease in pH
Which of the following is not accurate regarding the generation of ammonia within kidney tubules?
Ammonia is broken down by carbonic anhydrase to form ammonium ions.
After a person consumes a meal, the levels of which ion rises in the blood in response to increased acid production in the stomach?
Bicarbonate
What is the term for a substance that opposes a change in pH in a solution and can either remove or replace hydrogen ions?
Buffer
Acidosis is a more common problem than alkalosis because many acids are the direct byproducts of metabolic reactions. Which of the following acids is not a metabolic acid?
Carbonic acid
Which of the following is a volatile acid and is a product of the combination of carbon dioxide and water?
Carbonic acid
Which buffer is the most important buffer in the extracellular fluid?
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer
Severe acidosis (blood pH below 7.0) can be deadly for all of the following reasons except _______________.
hyperventilation leading to a lack of oxygen to critical tissues
Blood pH is normally between __________.
pH 7.35−7.45