Ch. 32 Cardiac Workbook(5A ---> 5S) Define the following surgical procedures.

temporary pacemaker

-Used temporarily in emergency situations. -A pacing wire is threaded into the R ventricle via the superior vena cava, or an epicardial wire is put in place (through the client's chest incision) during cardiac surgery

insertion and removal of an intraaortic balloon catheter

A device that increases the supply of oxygen to the heart. When the ventricle contracts, the balloon deflates, creating a vacuum that lowers the pressure in the aorta. When the ventricle relaxes, the balloon inflates, increasing the volume of blood to the coronary arteries and distal organ. This produces additional blood flow to the brain, kidneys, and other organs.

endovascular repair of a thoracic aneurysm

Frequently used for treatment of DTAA(descending thoracic aortic aneurysm). TAG device used. Performed on pts with fusiform-type aneurysm which are at least double the normal size of the aorta

vessel grafts

Knitted graft that is soft and porous. They are used for small artery anastomosis or for very fragile vessels. Woven grafts are used for large artery replacement bc their tight weave prevent loss of blood thought the graft.

cardiopulmonary bypass

Machine that takes place of the heart and lungs during open heart surgery. A procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates a patient's blood during the portion of heart surgery where the heart is stopped

patch grafts

Made of teflon(or PTFE) and are used to strengthen a suture line or to close a defect such as an abnormal opening in the tissue)

aortic valve replacement

The aortic valve maintains one way blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. The valve is replaced when it has lost function bc of disease.

resection of an aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta

To prevent rupture and life-threatening hemorrhage

pacemaker

a device that produces electrical impulses that stimulate the heart muscle. it keeps the heart at a steady pace

cardiac catheterization

a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart

mitral valve repair and replacement

a diseased mitral valve is replaced to open a constricted valve (stenosis) or to prevent blood from regurgitating into the left atrium. The valve is repaired with an annuloplasty(or other reparative techniques). If the valve is severely damaged, it is replaced.

Ventricular assist device (VAD)

a mechanical pump that helps a weakened ventricle to pump blood throughout the body so that the heart does not have to work as hard(papa cloys has this, but it controls both ventricles-his is under the skin)

median sternotomy

an incision through the midline of the sternum allowing surgical access to the organs in the thoracic cavity

resection of an aneurysm of the aortic arch

goal is to repair the aneurysm and restore adequate blood flow to the aorta and its branches. Cause: an aneurysm or dissection of the aortic arch can impair blood flow to the brain an upper body

Insertion of an Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker

implanted in the body to correct cardiac arrhythmia caused by disease of the conduction system

CABG(Coronary artery bypass grafting)

is performed to replace a narrow segment of one or more arteries and it improves circulation to the heart. Used in a patient with various blockages. A saphenous vein autograft is commonly used.

Resection of an aneurysm of the ascending aorta

performed to repair the aneurysm and restore function to the valve. This procedure is necessary bc an aneurysm or dissection of the ascending aorta can rupture of prevent the aortic valve leaflets from closing properly.

resection of a left ventricular aneurysm

reduces the risk of rupture and embolism. An aneurysm is most often caused by a reduced blood supply from an infarcted coronary artery

heart transplantation

replacement of diseased or malfunctioning heart with donor's heart

prosthetic valves

used for valve replacement. 2 types: *Mechanical Valves* -Good long-term durability -Adequate hemodynamics -High risk for thromboembolism -Necessity for long-term anticoagulation -Increased risk for bleeding complications -very expensive...handle with care and try not to handle much Biologic Valves -Limited long-term durability -Better hemodynamics than mechanical valves (except in small sizes) -No hemolysis -Low incidence of thromboembolism; possibly no necessity for anticoagulation -Fewer bleeding -stored in glutaraldehyde