Ch. 32 Pediatric Emergencies

All of the following are signs associated with pneumonia in pediatric patients except: a. bradycardia b. grunting c. nasal flaring d. hypothermia

a

Breath sounds in the pediatric population are more easily heard because: a. their chest walls are thinner b. the size of their lungs amplifies the sounds c. the chest cavity is small in proportion to the rest of the body d. children typically have upper airway problems

a

Bronchiolitis usually occurs during the first __________ of life. a. 2 years b. 3 years c. 4 years d. 6 years

a

Incidents involving the death of a child pose extra stress on EMS workers. Which of the following is not a sign of posttraumatic stress? a. cold intolerance b. nightmares c. difficult sleeping d. loss of appetite

a

Pupillary response in pediatric patients may be abnormal in the presence of all of the following except: a. anxiety b. hypoxia c. brain injury d. drugs

a

Tachycardia in pediatric patients may be an indication of all of the following except: a. hypothermia b. hypoxia c. fever d. pain

a

Which of the following is false regarding the pediatric airway? a. the trachea is larger in diameter and shorter in length b. the glottis opening is higher and positioned more anterior c. the neck appears to be nonexistent d. the lungs are smaller

a

Which of the following is not a question you would as if you suspected a poisoning emergency? a. did the substance have an odor? b. are there any changes in behavior or level of consciousness? c. what is the substance involved? d. was there any choking or coughing after the exposure?

a

Which of the following is not a sign of severe dehydration in pediatric patients? a. bulging fontanelles b. very dry lips and gums c. eyes look sunken d. sleepiness

a

Which of the following statements regarding pediatric asthma is false? a. use strong, forceful breaths when ventilating to get air past the obstruction b. the wheezing may be so loud that you can hear it without a stethoscope c. the patient may be in a tripod position d. a bronchodilator via a metered-dose inhaler may be helpful

a

_________ is common in pediatric patients and if left untreated can lead to peritonitis or shock.

appendicitis

In pediatric patients, guarding of the abdomen suggests: a. diarrhea b. nausea c. infection d. dehyrdation

c

Saying their first word, sitting without support, and teething are initially noticed in what age group? a. 0-2 months b. 2-6 months c. 6-12 months d. 12-18 months

c

Signs of shock in children include all of the following except: a. altered mental status b. poor capillary refill c. hypertension d. tachycardia

c

Toilet training is typically mastered at what age level? a. 6-12 months b. 12-18 months c. preschool-age d. school-age

c

When examining the head of a pediatric patient, which of the following statements is false? a. you should look for bruising, swelling, and hematomas b. significant blood loss can come from the scalp c. a bulging fontanelle suggests dehydration d. the head is larger in proportion to the rest of the body

c

When you assess a pediatric patient, it is best to place _________ on the patient's chest to feel the rise and fall of the chest wall. a. the left hand b. the right hand c. both hands d. the stethoscope

c

Which of the following is not a common cause of altered mental status in pediatric patients? a. drug and alcohol ingestion b. hypertension c. seizure d. hypoglycemia

b

Which of the following is not a common exposure when dealing with pediatric burns? a. scalding water in a bathtub b. electrocution from poor wiring c. hot items on a stove d. cleaning solvents

b

Which of the following is not an infection that can cause an airway obstruction in pediatric patients? a. pneumonia b. asthma c. croup d. epiglottitis

b

Which of the following populations is at the greatest risk for contracting meningitis? a. females b. children who have had head trauma c. children with preexisting heart conditions d. children of parents with a history of meningitis

b

Which of the following is not a known risk factor for SIDS? a. mother younger than 20 years old b. mother smoked during pregnancy c. gestational diabetes d. low birth weight

c

Which of the following is not a sign of increased work of breathing in pediatric patients? a. nasal flaring b. grunting c. equal chest expansion d. retractions

c

Young children can compensate for fluid losses by: a. decreasing blood flow to the brain and heart b. decreasing blood flow to the extremities c. increasing blood flow to the extremities d. increasing blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract

b

In pediatric patients, chest injuries are usually the result of ________ _________, rather than penetrating trauma.

blunt trauma

A fracture of the femur is rare and is a major source of __________ in the pediatric population. a. infection b. growth abnormalities c. blood loss d. nerve damage

c

A pediatric patient involved in a drowning emergency may present with: a. cerebral edema b. hypoglycemia c. abdominal distention d. chest pain

c

A pediatric patient with a fever, pain on palpation of the right lower quadrant, and rebound tenderness is likely to be suffering from: a. cholecystitis b. gastroenteritis c. appendicitis d. constipation

c

__________ is an acute spasm of the smaller air passages.

asthma

All children with abdominal injuries should be monitored for signs and symptoms of: a. pain b. shock c. hypothermia d. nausea

b

Exposure to cold air, infection, and emotional stress are all triggers of: a. pneumonia b. asthma c. bronchiolitis d. epiglottitis

b

How many triage categories are there in the JumpSTART system? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

b

Making eye contact, recognizing caregivers, and following a bright light with their eyes are initially noticed in what age group? a. 0-2 months b. 2-6 months c. 6-12 months d. 12-18 months

b

A pediatric patient with hives, wheezing, increased work of breathing, and hypoperfusion is likely suffering from: a. pneumonia b. bronchiolitis c. asthma d. anaphylaxis

d

Activated charcoal is not indicated for pediatric patients who have ingested a(n): a. acid b. alkali c. petroleum product d. all of the above

d

All of the following are common causes of a fever in pediatric patients except: a. infection b. status epilepticus c. drug ingestion d. cholecystitis

d

An infant's heart can beat as many as _________ times or more per minute if the body needs to compensate for injury or illness. a. 110 b. 120 c. 140 d. 160

d

Head and neck injuries are common after high-speed collisions in all of the following contact sports except: a. wrestling b. football c. lacrosse d. basketball

d

Signs and symptoms of a lower airway obstruction in pediatric patients include: a. stridor b. friction rub c. drooling d. wheezing

d

When obtaining information from the family regarding the pediatric patient's history, which of the following is not an appropriate inquiry? a. does the child have any rashes? b. what has been the child's recent activity level? c. has there been any vomiting or diarrhea? d. what types of toys does the child play with?

d

When you are performing a scene assessment at an incident involving SIDS, you should focus your attention on all of the following except: a. signs of illness, including medication, humidifiers, and thermometers b. the general condition of the house c. the site where the infant was discovered d. the temperature of the room

d

Which of the following is appropriate when treating pediatric patients with seizures? a. clear the mouth with suction b. provide 100% oxygen c. consider placing the patient in the recovery position d. all of the above

d

Which of the following is not a common cause of shock in pediatric patients? a. diseases of the heart b. severe infection c. dehydration d. renal failure

d

Which of the following is not initially seen in children 12-18 months old? a. speak four to six words b. know the major body parts c. can open doors d. understand cause and effect

d

When assessing capillary refill in pediatric patients, the color should return after: a. 1 second b. 2 seconds c. 3 seconds d. 4 seconds

b

_________ is an infection of the soft tissue in the area above the vocal cords.

epiglottitis

Located on the front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions of the head are soft spots, the _________.

fontanelles

Car seats are designed to be either ________ or ________; they cannot be mounted sideways on a bench seat.

forward-facing, rear-facing

_________ ________ occurs when the pediatric patient has exhausted all compensatory mechanisms and waste products begin to collect.

respiratory failure

Always position the airway in a neutral ________ ________.

sniffing position

__________ is a congenital condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the normal clotting factors of blood.

hemophilia

One common problem following burn injuries in children is __________.

infection

__________ is refusal or failure on the part of the caregiver to provide life necessities.

neglect

Inserting a(n) ________ ________ in a responsive patient may cause a spasm of the larynx and result in vomiting.

oropharyngeal airway

A child in respiratory distress or possible respiratory failure needs supplemental _________.

oxygen

Children not only have a higher metabolic rate, but also a higher _________ _________, which is twice that of an adult.

oxygen demand

The ________ ________ ________ is a structured assessment tool that allows you to rapidly form a general impression of the pediatric patient's condition without touching him or her.

pediatric assessment triangle

T/F Pediatric patients weighing less that 60lbs should be transported by car seat.

F

T/F You should avoid letting the parent or caregiver hold an infant during your assessment.

F

T/F You should use a euphemism such as "passed away" when informing the family of a pediatric death to lessen their emotional pain.

F

__________ is the second most common cause of unintentional death among children in the United States.

drowning

T/F Blood pressure is usually not assessed in pediatric patients younger than 4 years.

F

T/F Blow-by oxygen is as effective as a face mask or nasal cannula for delivering oxygen to a pediatric patient.

F

T/F Bradypnea usually indicates that the pediatric patient's condition is improving.

F

T/F Congenital cardiovascular problems are the leading cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in the pediatric population.

F

T/F Extremity injuries is the pediatric population are managed much differently than extremity injuries in adults.

F

T/F It is considered acceptable to lie to a preschool-age child because they will not be able to understand their true medical condition.

F

T/F A prolonged asthma attack that is unrelieved may progress to a condition known as status ashtmaticus.

T

T/F A rectal temperature is the most accurate for infants to toddlers.

T

T/F Adolescence is a time for experimentation and risk-taking behaviors.

T

T/F An oropharyngeal airway should be used for pediatric patients who are unconscious and in possible respiratory failure.

T

T/F At around 8 to 10 years of age, children no longer require padding underneath the torso to create a neutral position.

T

T/F Do not examine the genitalia of a young child unless there is evidence of bleeding or there is an injury that must be treated.

T

T/F EMTs in all states must report all cases of suspected abuse, even if the emergency department fails to do so.

T

T/F Infants and young children should be kept warm during a transport or when the patient is exposed to assess or reassess an injury.

T

T/F Some of the risks that adolescents take can ultimately facilitate development and judgment.

T

T/F Sprains are uncommon in the pediatric population.

T

T/F Toddlers have a hard time describing or localizing pain because they do not have the verbal ability to be precise.

T

Breathing requires the use of the _________ muscles and diaphragm.

chest

_________ __________ are recommended to relieve a severe airway obstruction in an unconscious pediatric patient.

chest compressions