CS 201: Quiz Questions Ch. 11-18

Which statement about a statistic is NOT true? a. A statistic is a characteristic of the population. b. Average age is an example statistic. c. Statistics are used to estimate population parameters. d. A statistic is a measure of the sample.

a. A statistic is a characteristic of the population. b. Average age is an example statistic.

What is the recommended way to determine the proper sample size for a project that asks multiple questions about several characteristics? a. Choose the sample size of the most critical characteristic b. Choose the average of all sample sizes c. Choose the largest of the sample sizes for each characteristic d. Choose the smallest of the sample sizes for each characteristic

a. Choose the sample size of the most critical characteristic

What must you do to improve the reliability of a measure? a. Decrease random error b. Increase systematic error c. Increase random error d. Decrease systematic error

a. Decrease random error

Converting survey responses of "1 year" and "16 weeks" to a consistent length of time, for example, months, represents which process? a. Editing b. Normalizing c. Merging d. Aggregating

a. Editing

In hypothesis testing, if the consequences of an error are particularly bad, what should be done in the testing process? a. Lower the significance (alpha) level of the test b. Choose a different hypothesis c. Widen the confidence interval d. Increase the significance (alpha) level of the test

a. Lower the significance (alpha) level of the test

Which method of collecting primary data is quite inexpensive, compared to other methods, and provides very quick turnaround? a. Online surveys b. Personal interviews c. Mall intercepts d. Paper-based surveys

a. Online surveys

Which method of collecting primary data via communication allows the sequence of questions to be changed by the researcher? a. Personal interviews b. The sequence of questions can be changed with all of these methods. c. Paper-based surveys d. Online surveys

a. Personal interviews

Of the types of error that can find their way into a study, which is often the least troubling? a. Sampling error b. Recording error c. Office error d. Nonresponse error

a. Sampling error

What kind of sample would allow a researcher to make inferences regarding the larger population and estimate the likely amount of sampling error? a. Simple random sample b. Quota sample c. Judgment sample d. Convenience sample

a. Simple random sample

A researcher wishes to analyze retail store scanner data from a number of stores over a period of several months. What must happen to make the analysis possible? a. The data must first be aggregated. b. The data must first be cleaned. c. The data must first be collected. d. The data must first be edited.

a. The data must first be aggregated.

Which of the following things might help improve the response rate to a survey? a. Use exploratory research to gauge respondent interest in the topic b. Create a longer survey c. Share respondent contact information with members of the sales team d. All of these things might help improve the response rate to a survey.

a. Use exploratory research to gauge respondent interest in the topic

Office errors that occur during the editing or coding process that must be cleaned are called a. blunders. b. bloopers. c. typos. d. snafus.

a. blunders.

When measuring consumer attitudes, which scale is recommended for use when there is a need to eliminate the halo effect? a. Semantic-differential scale b. Comparative-ratings scale c. Likert scale d. Graphic-ratings scale

b. Comparative-ratings scale

What kind of measure works well when just an overall, summary judgment of how consumers feel about a company is needed? a. Comprehensive measure b. Global measure c. Composite measure d. Singular measure

b. Global measure

Which of the following statements about response rate is NOT true? a. High response rates suggest strong interest among respondents. b. Lower response rates generally suggest fewer problems with nonresponse bias. c. Calculating the response rate allows an assessment of the potential influence of nonresponse error. d. Low response rates may indicate poor question design.

b. Lower response rates generally suggest fewer problems with nonresponse bias.

Which type of effort is essentially a sampling frame problem? a. Sampling error b. Noncoverage error c. Response error d. Nonresponse error

b. Noncoverage error

Which of the following statements about highly structured questions is NOT true? a. Data coding is greatly simplified. b. Open-ended responses must be interpreted. c. Analysis is usually easy. d. They are relatively simple to administer.

b. Open-ended responses must be interpreted.

What type of sampling procedure relies on the initial set of respondents to identify others with the desired characteristics? a. Rippling sample b. Snowball sample c. Waterfall sample d. Referral sample

b. Snowball sample

What problem, if any, is there with a closed-ended question asking for annual income with response options that include "Less than $20,000," "$20,000-$40,000," "$40,000-$60,000," and "$60,000 or more"? a. The response categories are not exhaustive. b. The response categories are not mutually exclusive. c. Both A and B d. There is no problem with these response categories.

b. The response categories are not mutually exclusive.

In a survey item that asks about customer satisfaction and uses a response scale from 1 to 7, what does "customer satisfaction" represent from a coding perspective? a. The question b. The variable c. The response d. The code

b. The variable

When a larger number of population elements must be included in the initial sample pool in order to end up with the desired sample size, what must be calculated? a. Total Survey Elements b. Total Sampling Elements c. Total Sampling Frame d. Total Sampling Error

b. Total Sampling Elements

Which of the following factors would require a larger sample? a. When less precision in the estimate is needed b. When variation in the parameter in question increases c. When less confidence is required d. All of these factors require a larger sample.

b. When variation in the parameter in question increases

The independent samples t-test for means always compares the a. mean scores for different variables measured in two groups. b. mean scores for the same variable measured in two groups. c. mean scores for the same variable measured in one group. d. mean scores for different variables measured in one group.

b. mean scores for the same variable measured in two groups.

What is the recommended way to code a closed-ended, "check all that apply" question? a. Use a single variable for the question and assign separate codes to the possible answers b. Use a separate variable for each response option and code "1" if the response was selected or "0" if it wasn't c. Collapse or combine the multiple response options into a smaller set of categories d. Any of these approaches are recommended.

b. use a separate variable for each response option and code "1" if the response was selected or "0" if it wasn't

What serves as the starting point for a skip pattern in a survey? a. A funneling question b. A dummy table c. A branching question d. A categorization question

c. A branching question

Which aspect of control refers to resource issues such as time and cost of an approach? a. Sampling control b. Resource control c. Administrative control d. Information control

c. Administrative control

What, if anything, should a researcher do before interpreting individual regression coefficients? a. Determine if there is an overall statistically significant relationship between the set of predictors and the outcome variable b. Verify that the predictors can explain (or predict) a meaningful portion of the variation in the outcome variable c. Both A and B d. Nothing: there are no further considerations in the interpretation of regression coefficients.

c. Both A and B

A cross-tabulation analysis determines that a relationship exists between two categorical variables. What further testing is needed to show the strength of that relationship? a. No further testing or analysis is needed. b. Degrees of freedom for the chi-square test c. Cramer's V d. Pearson chi-square test of independence

c. Creamer's V

What type of itemized-rating scale might be best for use measuring the attitude of children who may not be able to read or comprehend attribute descriptions? a. Comparative-ratings scale b. Semantic-differential scale c. Graphic-ratings scale d. Likert scale

c. Graphic-ratings scale

What is right approach when the task is to test for differences across groups on some important variable assessed using a continuous measure? a. Cross-tab analysis b. Paired sample t-test for means c. Independent samples t-test for means d. Regression analysis

c. Independent samples t-test for means

What makes multivariate analysis different from univariate analysis? a. It is more precise. b. It is more applicable to larger data sets. c. It looks for differences across or associations among multiple variables. d. All of these things make multivariate analysis different.

c. It looks for differences across or associations among multiple variables.

A researcher is examining data from a study and sees a variable named "PUR_FREQ" with responses ranging from 0 to 10. How can the researcher understand what this data means? a. Ask the respondent b. Look at the data file c. Look at the codebook d. Use his/her judgment

c. Look at the codebook

What descriptive statistic is a better measure of central tendency when there are outliers in a distribution? a. Mean b. Skew c. Median d. Mode

c. Median

What process will a researcher use to build a data file using data from multiple sources, and in different software formats, with different identifiers? a. Cleaning b. Coding c. Merging d. Editing

c. Merging

What are the two broad categories of sampling techniques? a. Productive and nonproductive b. Progressive and nonprogressive c. Probability and nonprobability d. Problematic and nonproblematic

c. Probability and nonprobability

Which of the following is NOT a type of response error? a. Constant error b. Random error c. Syntax error d. Systematic error

c. Syntax error

What is the goal of hypothesis testing? a. To identify a hypothesis from the study data b. To prove that the study's hypothesis is true for the population c. To indicate which of two mutually exclusive hypotheses is more likely to be true d. All of these are goals of hypothesis testing.

c. To indicate which of two mutually exclusive hypotheses is more likely to be true.

A continuous measure of customer satisfaction uses a scale from 1 to 5 where 4 = Satisfied and 5 = Very Satisfied. Presenting the percentage of respondents who checked either 4 or 5 as a response in a combined measurement category is which technique? a. Median split b. Cumulative percentage breakdown c. Two-box d. Response blending

c. Two-box

What is true about the types of scales used to measure an attribute? a. An attribute's properties should not determine which level of measurement is used. b. The ordinal scale is the highest level of measurement. c. You should always use the highest level of measurement possible. d. Lower levels of measurement have more properties.

c. You should always use the highest level of measurement possible.

What is true about determining the content of individual questions? a. You should try to get as much information as possible in a single question to avoid confusing the respondent. b. The questions don't have to mean something to the respondent. c. You want to capture the needed data using as few questions as possible. d. All of these statements about determining the content of individual questions are true.

c. You want to capture the needed data using as few questions as possible.

Information about the key issues being studied is known as a. key information. b. classification information. c. target information. d. sensitive information.

c. target information

If all the population elements have exactly the same value of the characteristic, what sample size is needed to represent the population? a. 100 b. 10 c. 1,000 d. 1

d. 1

What is the response rate of an online survey with no eligibility requirement sent to 1,100 email recipients, where 100 email addresses were no longer valid and 300 recipients responded to the survey? a. 20% b. 14.3% c. 3% d. 30%

d. 30%

What are the recommendations for pretesting a questionnaire? a. Have different members of the research team answer the questions b. Do a personal interview to pretest c. Do a pretest among respondents similar to those who will be used in the actual study d. All of these are recommended for pretesting a questionnaire.

d. All of these are recommended for pretesting a questionnaire.

Which of the following statements describes how frequency analysis is used? a. To identify the median point for the distribution b. To help determine the degree of item nonresponse c. To help locate outliers in the data d. All of these are uses of frequency analysis

d. All of these are uses of frequency analysis.

What decision must you make when collecting data using communication? a. The degree of structure to use b. Whether to disguise the questionnaire c. Which method to use d. All of these decisions must be made when using communication to collect data.

d. All of these decisions must be made when using communication to collect data.

Which of the following examples could count as a completed interview? a. A completed interview b. A nearly completed interview c. A partial interview that provides answers for most survey items d. All of these examples could count as completed interviews.

d. All of these examples could count as completed interviews.

What issue must you keep in mind when calculating and using mean values? a. Mean values are only meaningful for continuous measures. b. Using decimals with percentages for mean values may suggest precision that isn't justified. c. Outliers or extreme cases can have a strong influence on mean values. d. All of these issues should be kept in mind when using mean values.

d. All of these issues should be kept in mind when using mean values.

What is true about a ratio scale? a. It is the most powerful scale. b. It includes the properties possessed by less powerful scales. c. It can be used to compare intervals, rank objects by magnitude, or use numbers to identify objects. d. All of these statements about a ratio scale are true.

d. All of these statements about a ratio scale are true.

What is true about correlation and correlation coefficients? a. They can be positive or negative. b. Coefficients that indicate perfect correlation are rare. c. Nothing in correlation analysis can be used to establish causality. d. All of these statements about correlation and correlation coefficients are true.

d. All of these statements about correlation and correlation coefficients are true.

What is the risk of asking questions on a survey that are difficult to answer? a. Respondents may give an approximate answer. b. Respondents may ignore the question. c. Respondents may refuse to complete the survey d. All of these statements about questions that are difficult to answer are true.

d. All of these statements about questions that are difficult to answer are true.

Which statement is true about target populations? a. The simpler the definition of the target population, the easier it will be to find the sample. b. Populations that are larger in number are easier to locate. c. You must be painfully explicit about who or what qualifies as a member of the population. d. All of these statements about target populations are true.

d. All of these statements about target populations are true.

What is true about the use of disguise when administering a questionnaire? a. It amounts to a conscious effort to deceive the respondent. b. When used, respondents should be given a debriefing after the task. c. The amount of disguise and debriefing necessary is a judgment call on the researcher's part. d. All of these statements about the use of disguise are true.

d. All of these statements about the use of disguise are true.

What type of question is "How often do you eat tacos?" with response options of "not a lot," "sometimes," and "all the time!"? a. Unstated alternative b. Leading c. Double-barreled d. Ambiguous

d. Ambiguous

When recruiting respondents to an online survey using email, how should email recipients who don't respond be counted for purposes of calculating the response rate? a. As ineligible recipients b. As not-at-homes c. As non-working addresses d. As refusals

d. As refusals

How do you develop a confidence interval? a. Subtract the nonresponse error percentage from the response error percentage b. Calculate the median point of the distribution for the particular statistic c. Choose one arbitrarily d. Calculate the degree of sampling error for the particular statistic

d. Calculate the degree of sampling error for the particular statistic

When both the independent and dependent variables are measured on continuous scales, what provides a means of quantifying the degree of association between them? a. Coefficient of causation b. Coefficient of confidence c. Coefficient of continuation d. Coefficient of correlation

d. Coefficient of correlation

What kind of question should a researcher ask to determine whether a respondent is likely to have the information the survey is designed to collect? a. Leading question b. Categorization question c. Funneling question d. Filtering question

d. Filtering questions

When designing a scale to assess attitude, what is the minimum number of response categories that should be included? a. Seven b. Three c. Nine d. Five

d. Five

Which type of scale is commonly used in marketing research for measuring consumer attitudes? a. Ordinal b. Nominal c. Ratio d. Interval

d. Interval

Which method of collecting primary data via communication cannot be projected to the overall population because the sample is nonrandom? a. Paper-based surveys b. Personal interviews c. Telephone interviews d. Mall intercepts

d. Mall intercepts

What type of error does the confidence interval take into account? a. Response error b. Sampling error c. Nonresponse error d. Noncoverage erro

d. Noncoverage error

Which type of error can usually be eliminated by pretesting the questionnaire with members of the relevant population? a. Office error b. Sampling error c. Recording error d. Response error

d. Response error

What is the first step in the method for developing an effective questionnaire? a. Determine question sequence b. Prepare dummy tables c. Determine the method of administration d. Specify what information will be sought

d. Specify what information will be sought

Which approach to handling missing data may use a statistical technique known as regression analysis? a. Eliminating the case with the missing item only in analyses using the variable b. Contacting the respondent again c. Eliminating the case with the missing item(s) from all further analysis d. Substituting values for the missing items

d. Substituting values for the missing items

When a questionnaire uses fixed-alternative questions, that questionnaire is said to be a. unstructured. b. disguised. c. open-ended. d. structured.

d. structured.