Ch. 33 and 34 mastering biology

Research confirms that Neanderthal DNA makes up about ____ of the modern human genome. 1% 4% 10% 25%

4%

Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is false? Hints All deuterostomes have a coelom. All deuterostomes are triploblastic and have three tissue layers. All deuterostomes have a similar pattern of early embryonic development. All deuterostomes exhibit radial symmetry in their bodies.

All deuterostomes exhibit radial symmetry in their bodies.

Nematodes and arthropods are the largest ecdysozoan phyla. Which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply. Hints Arthropods possess an open circulatory system. The cuticle in nematodes lengthens as the animal grows. Some nematodes are parasitic on humans. Both nematodes and arthropods must molt in order to increase in size. Arthropods are named for their jointed appendages. Nematodes are acoelomate, whereas arthropods are coelomate. Nematodes possess a closed circulatory system. Both nematodes and arthropods have segmented body plans. Both nematodes and arthropods possess an external covering, or cuticle.

Both nematodes and arthropods possess an external covering, or cuticle. Both nematodes and arthropods must molt in order to increase in size. Arthropods are named for their jointed appendages. Some nematodes are parasitic on humans.Arthropods possess an open circulatory system.

Which of the following combinations correctly matches a phylum to its description? Platyhelminthes - radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms Nematoda - segmented worms, closed circulatory system Echinodermata - bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system Cnidaria - flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate

Echinodermata - bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system

Which of the following statements about vertebrates is true? Hints The development of an amniotic egg and internal fertilization allowed vertebrates to reproduce away from water. All vertebrates have jaws with which to catch their prey. The development of more efficient surfaces for gas exchange in reptiles stimulated expansion into terrestrial habitats. Birds are more related to mammals than to dinosaurs.

The development of an amniotic egg and internal fertilization allowed vertebrates to reproduce away from water.

Which characteristics define a chordate? Hints The presence of four specific morphological traits The presence of a well-developed circulatory system The ability to live on land The development of an anus from the blastopore

The presence of four specific morphological traits

Except for modern ethnic groups in ______, the majority of humans appear to have traces of Neanderthal DNA in their genome. Africa Europe Asia America

africa

Listed below are four adaptations of terrestrial vertebrates. Which is a characteristic only of truly terrestrial animals with no need to return to water at any stage of the life cycle? Hints amniotic eggs tetrapod locomotion lungs hearts with more than two chambers All of these are essential for a completely terrestrial existence.

amniotic eggs

Most members of which of the following groups are most closely associated with a wet or moist environment? Hints mammals amphibians dinosaurs pterosaurs birds

amphibians

The diagnostic feature of Chondrichthyes is _____. Hints a swim bladder jaws a lateral line system a streamlined, torpedo-shaped body an endoskeleton of calcified cartilage

an endoskeleton of calcified cartilege

Which of these primate groups is most closely related to humans? apes Old World monkeys lorises prosimians New World monkeys

apes

DNA was isolated from Neanderthal ____ and sequenced so that it could be compared to modern human DNA. teeth bone fragments a combination of teeth, bone, and soft tissue soft tissue

bone fragments

What structure is responsible for gas exchange in most spiders? Hints the pedipalp book lungs Malpighian tubules chelicerae tracheal tubes

book lungs

The phylum Arthropoda includes four major lineages: cheliceriforms (also called chelicerates); myriapods; insects and their relatives (together called hexapods); and crustaceans. what are horseshoe crabs, arachnids, and possess claylike feeding appendages

cheliceriforms

The phylum Arthropoda includes four major lineages: cheliceriforms (also called chelicerates); myriapods; insects and their relatives (together called hexapods); and crustaceans. what are primarily aquatic, crabs and isopods, two pairs of antenna

crsutaceans

Which structure is not an innovation that occurred during vertebrate diversification? Hints Jaws Bone Exoskeleton Amniotic egg

exoskeleton

True or false? An organism that is radially symmetric has many well-developed head regions. Hints True False

false

The Neanderthal DNA discovered in Homo sapiens is best explained by ____. gene flow genetic drift polyploidy a mutation

gene flow

The primates that spend the most time walking upright are the _____. apes prosimians New World monkeys hominids Old World monkeys

hominids

Humans are _______. Australopithecus Homo erectus Ardipithecus Homo sapiens Homo habilis

homo sapiens

The phylum Arthropoda includes four major lineages: cheliceriforms (also called chelicerates); myriapods; insects and their relatives (together called hexapods); and crustaceans. what are butterflies wings allow flight; body divided into head, thorax, and abdomen; and three pairs of walking legs

insects

Which of these anthropoid groups consists of primates who are mostly tree dwellers and whose forelimbs and hind limbs are about equal in length? monkeys hominids prosimians primates apes

monkeys

The phylum Arthropoda includes four major lineages: cheliceriforms (also called chelicerates); myriapods; insects and their relatives (together called hexapods); and crustaceans. what are millipedes and centipedes exclusivelt teristerial

myriapods

Which of these primate groups lives in trees in Central and South America and have nostrils that are wide open and far apart? hominids apes New World monkeys anthropoids Old World monkeys

new world monkeys

Which structure can be used for feeding and gas exchange? Hints Pharyngeal gill slit Notochord Endoskeleton Dorsal nerve cord

pharyngeal gill slit

_____ are the oldest known primate group. Apes Prosimians Anthropoids Hominids Monkeys

prosimians

Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans? Hints snails earthworms ants jellies sea stars

sea stars

Which of the following belongs to the lobe-fin clade? hagfishes lampreys chondrichthyans tetrapods ray-finned fishes

tetrapods

Mating is believed to have taken place between modern humans and Neanderthals in ____ about 70,000 years ago. Africa Europe the Middle East Asia

the middle east

A unique feature of craniates is _____. Hints the neural crest a four-chambered heart a closed circulatory system segmentation a vertebral column composed of bone

the neutral crest

Which characteristic distinguishes echinoderms from the other two deuterostome lineages? Hints Their ability to move Their habitat Their body plan The presence of an endoskeleton

their body plan

What do lampreys, sharks, snakes, turtles, and cats have that a hagfish lacks? Hints a cranium vertebrae legs a notochord at some point in their lives jaws

vertebrae

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic feature of the Chordata? Hints a muscular, post-anal tail pharyngeal slits or clefts vertebrae a hollow dorsal nerve cord notochord

vertebrae