Ch. 36 From the Modern to the Postmodern and Beyond

Andy Warhol- Marilyn Diptych

N:Andy Warhol- Marilyn Diptych D:1962 P/S:Pop Art A:Andy Warhol Pa: M/T: -Oil, acrylic, and silkscreen enamel on canvas F:confront and commemorate Marilyn Monroe's death C:United States Ideas: • Colored images reveal that she was the golden woman of Hollywood and similar to a goddess • Black and white images revealing her glamorous image confronting the viewer endlessly, as it did the American public in the aftermath of her death

Anselm Kiefer - Nigredo

N:Anselm Kiefer - Nigredo D:1984 P/S:NeoExpressionism A:Kiefer Pa: M/T: -thickly encrusted surfaces incorporating materials such as straw -used perspective to pull the viewer into an incinerated(destroyed by burning) landscape alluding to the holocaust F:evoke the feeling of despair C:Germany Ideas: •about the holocaust •aftermath of the concentration camp •looks like everything is burnt and charred •nigredo—a scar -notion of alchemical change or transformation--the blackness of landscape

Bill Viola- The Crossing

N:Bill Viola- The Crossing D:1996 P/S:New Media A:Viola Pa: M/T: oVideo/sound installation with two channels of color video projection onto screens 16' high F:encourages spectator introspection C:United States Ideas: -his video projects: use extreme slow motion, contrasts in scale, shifts in focus, mirrored reflections, and staccato editing -to create dramatic sensory experiences rooted in tangible realities

Christo and Jeanne Claude- Surrounded Islands

N:Christo and Jeanne Claude- Surrounded Islands D:1980-83 P/S: Earth Art; Site Art A:Christo and Jeanne Claude Pa: M/T: •surrounded islands with pink fabric F:intensify the viewer's awareness of space and features of rural and urban sites C:Miami, Florida Ideas: •his sketches he would sell as art •his fabric would sell as art

Chuck Close- Big Self Portrait

N:Chuck Close- Big Self Portrait D:1968 P/S:Superrealism A:Close Pa: M/T: -translate photographic info into painted info -close painted anonymous and generic people F: C: The Walker Art Center in Minneapolis Ideas: •Uses the grid—proportions •Unflattering images

Cindy Sherman- Untitled Film Still #35

N:Cindy Sherman- Untitled Film Still #35 D:1979 P/S:Feminist Art A:Sherman Pa: M/T: -photograph resembling film still F:addressed the way women have been presented in Western art for the enjoyment of the "male gaze" C:United States Ideas: •society's view of women •confrontational, sassy gestures

Guerrilla Girls- The Advantages of Being a Woman Artist

N:Guerrilla Girls- The Advantages of Being a Woman Artist D:1988 P/S:Feminist Art A:Guerrilla Girls Pa: M/T: poster/flyer F:calls attention to injustices in the art world, esp. what they perceive as sexist and racist; hopes to inspire improvements in the situation for women artists C:New York Ideas: •tongue and cheek •art activists •put on (gorilla) suits and put these flyers all around the world (chosen to remain anonymous)

Jackson Pollock- Number 1 (Lavender Mist)

N:Jackson Pollock- Number 1 (Lavender Mist) D:1950 P/S: Abstract Expressionism; gestural A:Pollock Pa: M/T: -oil,enamel, and aluminum paint on canvas -gestural (Expressiveness of energetically applied pigment) -spontaneous and improvisational execution -limited color palette F:Action painting; the artist places a canvas on the floor and drips and splatters paint onto the surface C:United States Ideas: •cigarette butts in his paintings •the artist communicating with the viewer -emphasis on the creative process

Jasper Johns- Flag

N:Jasper Johns- Flag D:1955 P/S:Pop Art A:Johns Pa: M/T: •Encaustic(waxy substance and infuse it with pigment), oil, and collage on fabric mounted on plywood F:accessible to the masses C:United States Ideas: -draws attention to common objects that people view frequently but rarely scrutinize

Jeff Koons- Pink Panther

N:Jeff Koons- Pink Panther D:1988 P/S:Post Modern A:Koons Pa: M/T: Porcelain F:accessible to wide range of audience C: MCA, Chicago Ideas: •Funny juxtaposition with pink panther and 80s pin up girl -created sculptures that highlighted everything wrong with contemporary American consumer culture

Jenny Holzer, Untitled

N:Jenny Holzer, Untitled D:1989 P/S:New Media A:Holzer Pa: M/T: o Extended LED electronic display signboard F:draw attention C: Guggenheim in NYC (Dec. 1989-Feb. 1990) Ideas: -focused on text: "Protect me from what I want" "Abuse of power comes as no surprise" "Romantic love was invented to manipulate women -her statements were intentionally vague and, in some cases contradictory

Joseph Beuys- How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare

N:Joseph Beuys- How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare D:1965 P/S:Performance Art A:Beuys Pa: M/T: oGold leaf on his face F:help revolutionize human thought so that each human being could become a truly free and creative person C:Performance at the Schmela Gallery, Dusseldorf, Germany Ideas: -appeared in a room hung with his drawings cradling a dead hare to which he spoke softly to -his art was derived from his experiences at a pilot during WWII--after the enemy shot him down his plane over the Crime--nomadic Tatars nursed him back to health by swaddling his body in fat and felt to warm him

Joseph Kosuth - One and Three Chairs

N:Joseph Kosuth - One and Three Chairs D:1965 P/S:Conceptual Art A:Kosuth Pa: M/T: o a full-scale photograph of the chair, a real chair, and dictionary definition of the word 'chair' F:asked the viewer to ponder the notion of what constitutes "chairness" C:NY MOMA Ideas: 0 dealing with the relationship between the abstract and the concrete

Judy Chicago- The Dinner Party

N:Judy Chicago- The Dinner Party D:1979 P/S:Feminist Art A:Chicago Pa: M/T: -craft techniques(china painting and needlework)--traditionally practiced by women F:expressing women's experiences; accessible to large audience; focused public attention on the history of women and their place in society C:Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, New York Ideas: •999 names inscribed on floor •39 settings •13 place settings on each side of a triangle (13 people in a witch's coven) •triangle form refers to the ancient symbol for women and the Goddess; it is also seen as a pubic triangle •each woman has a dinner setting •the food looks like female genitalia -the designs on the plate incorporate both butterfly (liberation) and vulval (female sexuality) motifs

Mark Rothko,-No. 14

N:Mark Rothko,-No. 14 D:1960 P/S: Abstract Expressionism; Color Field Painting A:Rothko Pa: M/T: -oil on canvas -hazy rectangles of pure color hovering in front of a colored background -compositionally simple,but compelling visual experiences F:elicit emotional responses in the viewer C:the SFMOMA; United States Ideas: •color as a doorway to another reality •Sublime idea of the universal

Maya Lin- Vietnam Veterans Memorial

N:Maya Lin- Vietnam Veterans Memorial D:1981-83 P/S:Site Art A:Lin Pa: M/T: -V-shaped monument cut into the earth -Black granite F: evoke a somber feeling; to be honest about the reality of war; work with the land, but not dominate it C: Washington, D.C. Ideas: -60,000 casualties of the Vietnam War listed in the order they were killed or reported missing -one arm of structure points to the Lincoln memorial, the other to the Washington monument •controversial •like a tomb -Black granite--highly reflective surface -allusion to a wound and long-lasting scar

Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson-Seagram Building

N:Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson-Seagram Building D:1956-58 P/S:Post War Modernist Architecture; Minimalist; International Style of Architecture A:Van der Rohe and Johnson Pa: M/T: -bronze veneer--monolithic look -interplay of vertical and horizontal accents -steel and glass skyscraper F:model after WWII C:New York Ideas: -515' -sleek, new architecture -great simplicity -geometry of design -elegance in construction

Morris Louis - Saraband

N:Morris Louis - Saraband D:1959 P/S: Post Painterly Abstraction A: Morris Louis Pa: M/T: •Acrylic resin on canvas -colored field painting F: C: Ideas: -created this painting by holding up the canvas edges and pouring diluted acrylic resin to produce billowy, fluid, transparent shapes that run down the length of the fabric

Robert Arneson - California Artist

N:Robert Arneson - California Artist D:1982 P/S:Post Modern;Contemporary A:Arneson Pa: M/T: -Glazed Stoneware -half length self-portrait F:direct response to Kramer (art critic), particularly to the critic's derogatory comments on the provincialism of California art C: San Francisco Bay Area; SFMOMA Ideas: •In '81 NYT art critic wrote a scathing critique of Arneson's work—had written about provincialism of CA art •incorporates all the stereotypes Kramer perpetuated: littered beer bottles, Marijuana leaves painted, dirty brick, cool jean jacket, sunglasses, looking defiant with arms crossed

Robert Smithson- Spiral Jetty

N:Robert Smithson- Spiral Jetty D:1970 P/S:Site/Earth Art A:Smithson Pa: M/T: -coil of rock(black basalt and limestone) in a part of the Great Salt Lake F:calls awareness to the environment C:Great Salt Lake, Utah Ideas: •shows the earth's beauty •uses plows and bulldozers •rises and falls due to water level -salt changes the color

Roy Lichtenstein- Hopeless

N:Roy Lichtenstein- Hopeless D:1963 P/S:Pop Art A:Lichtenstein Pa: M/T: -Oil on canvas -Ben day dots -heavy black outlines -hard, precise drawings F:accessible to the masses C:United States Ideas: • Ben day dots were named after Benjamin Day, 19th century newspaper printer •inspired by cartoons and comic books