Ch. 4 Anatomy of Phonation
Posterior quadrate lamina
what provides the point of articulation for the arytenoid cartilages and the cricoid cartilage?
Cuneiform Cartilage
Residing within the aryepiglottic folds. Provides a degree of rigidity to the folds.
Arytenoid Cartilages
Ride on the high backed upper surface of the cricoid cartilage. Forming posterior point of attachment for vocal folds.
Lateral Thyrohyoid ligament
Runs superior cornu of the thyroid to the posterior tip of the greater cornu hyoid.
Rima Vestibuli
Space between false vocal folds.
Pyriform Sinus
Space between the aryepiglottic fold and the thyroid cartilage, which mark an important point of transit for foods and liquids during a swallow.
Thyrohyoid Membrane
Stretches across the space between the greater cornu of the hyoid and the lateral thyroid.
Quadrangular Membranes
The undergirding layer of connective tissue running from the arytenoids to the epiglottis and thyroid cartilage and forming false vocal folds.
Cuneiform Cartilages
These cartilages provide support for the membranous laryngeal covering.
Thyroid Cartilages
This is an unpaired cartilage and is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages
Hyoepiglottic Ligament
Through which ligament is the epiglottis and the hyoid bone attached?
False
TorF Larynx of an infant is lower
True
TorF Muscular Processes forms the lateral outcropping point of attachment for muscle that adduct and abduct
False Vocal Processes not Muscular Processes
TorF Muscular Processes project anteriorly toward the thyroid notch
True
TorF The Cricoarytenoid and Cricothyroid joint is a synovial joint that permits rocking, gliding, and minimal rotation.
False it is NOT a bone of the larynx
TorF The hyoid bone is a bone of the larynx
True
TorF The hyoid bone is not a bone of the larynx
False Hyoid bone is unpaired and articulates with superior cornu
TorF The hyoid bone is paired and articulates loosely with the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage.
True
TorF The hyoid bone is the only bone of the body that is not attached to another bone.
True
TorF The hyoid bone is unpaired and articulates loosely with the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage
True
TorF Thyrovocalis is the active element of the vocal folds
True
TorF Ventricular Folds are also known as false folds.
False (not used for phonation except in rare cases)
TorF Ventricular folds are used for phonation.
True
TorF Vocal Processes project anteriorly toward the thyroid notch
False Muscular Processes not Vocal Processes
TorF Vocal processes forms the lateral outcropping point of attachment for muscle that adduct and abduct.
Arytenoid and Corniculate Cartilages
What are the most important paired cartilages of the larynx?
Vocal Processes and Muscular Processes
What are the two processes of arytenoid cartilage?
Hyoid Bone
What articulates with thyroid cartilages by means of pair superior process.
Epiglottis
What cartilage is attached to the root of the tongue?
Arytenoid and Corniculate Cartilages
What cartilage(s) provide mechanical structure that permits onset and offset of voicing?
Intrinsic Ligaments
What connect the cartilages of the larynx and form the support structure for the cavity of the larynx?
Allow to extensively stretch Cushion the vocal folds
What do the elastin fibers of the superficial lamina propria allow?
Cricoid cartilage
What does the thyroid cartilage articulate with by means of paired processes that let it rock forward and backward at joint?
Hyoid Bone
What forms union between the tongue and the laryngeal structure?
Muscosal Lining of Vocal Fold
What is a combination of epithelial lining and disorganized first lamina propria layer?
Vestibule
What is the first cavity of the larynx, between the entryways or aditus and ventricular folds?
Cricoid cartilage
What is the most inferior, unpaired cartilage of the larynx?
Corniculate Cartilages
What is the most prominent landmark in the aryepiglottic folds?
Thyroarytenoid Muscle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis)
What layer of the vocal fold is the bulk of the vocal fold?
Deep Lamina Propria
What layer of the vocal fold is the primary supporter and is made up of collagen fibers that prohibit extension?
Intermediate Lamina Propria
What layer of the vocal folds are composed of elastin fibers and run anterior-posterior direction?
Extrinsic Ligaments
What provides attachment between the hyoid or trachea and the cartilage of the larynx?
Squamous Epithelium
What vocal fold layer is most superficial and gives vocal folds glistening white appearance?
Cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints
Which two joints are the only functionally mobile points of the larynx?
Superficial Lamina Propria
Which vocal fold layer is made up of elastin fibers, allowing to extensively stretch?
Intrinsic Muscles
_ _ _ _ assumes responsibility for opening, closing, tensing, and relaxing the vocal folds.
Extrinsic Muscles
_ _ _ _ muscles that make major adjustments to the larynx, such as elevating or depressing it.
Extrinsic Muscles
_ _ _ _ muscles that tend to work in concert with the articulatory motions of the tongue, and many are important in swallowing.
Intrinsic Muscles
_ _ _ _make fine adjustments to the vocal mechanism itself.
EXTRINSIC MUSCLES
are these extrinsic or intrinsic muscles? Stylohyoid Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Genioglossus Hyoglossus Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Digastricus Anterior and Posterior
Aryepiglottic Muscles
From side of epiglottis to the arytenoid apex, forming the upper margin of the quadrangular membranes.
Through the: Glosso-epiglotic fold Lateral glosso-epiglottic ligaments
How is the epiglottis attached to the root of the tongue?
ABDUCTOR Posterior Cricoarytenoid (ABs make People Crazy)
Name all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx that are abductors.
Median thyrohyoid ligament
Running from the corpus hyoid to the upper border of the anterior thyroid.
Glottis
Space between the vocal folds.
Cricoid Cartilage
A complete ring resting atop the trachea and is the most inferior of the laryngeal cartilages
Unpaired
Is the epiglottis paired or unpaired structure?
Cartilaginous glottis
Posterior 2/5 of the vocal fold is comprised of the cartilage of the arytenoids
Larynx
Sits atop of the last ring of the trachea. Adjacent to cervical vertebrae 4-6
Thyroid Laminae
The thyroid cartilage has a prominent anterior surface made up of two plates called...
Cricothyroid Joint
This joint provides the major adjustment for change in vocal pitch.
True
TorF The hyoid bone is U-shaped.
Cuneiform Cartilage
Which cartilage resides within the aryepiglottic folds?
Fibroelastic Membrane
Composed of super quadrangular membranes and aryepiglottic folds, lower cornus elasticus and vocal ligament
Yes
Does the rocking action of the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints bring two vocal processes toward each other, permitting the folds to approximate (make contact)?
Aditus
Entry of the larynx from the pharynx above.
Lateral and Median glossoepiglottic ligaments
Epiglottic attachment to the tongue. Overlaying mucous memebrane produces "little valleys" or vallecular between tongue and epiglottis.
Cricothyroid Joint
Is a diarthrodial, pivoting joint that permits the rotation of the two articulating structures.
Laryngeal Stability
Is the key to laryngeal control, and is gained through the development of the infra- and suprahyoid musculature.
Thyroid Cartilage
Is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages, articulating with the cricoid cartilage below by means of paired processes that let it rock forward and backward at joint.
Epiglottis
Leaf-like cartilage. Protective structure it will drop to cover the orifice of the larynx during swallowing.
Laryngeal Ventricle
Middle space of larynx lies between margins of false vocal folds and true vocal folds
ADDUCTORS Lateral criocarytenoid Oblique Arytenoid Transverse Arytenoid (ADD - A LOT)
Name all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx that are adductors.
RELAXER Thyromuscularis (Relaxtion Time)
Name all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx that are relaxers.
TENSORS Thyrovocalis Cricothyroid (pars oblique and pars recta) (Thinking Tense Combo)
Name all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx that are tensors.
AUXILIARY MUSCULATURE Thyroepiglotticus Superior Thyroarytenoid Thyroarytenoid Aryepiglotticus (All Therapists Should Think Above)
Name all the intrinsic muscles that are auxilary musculature.
Squamous Epithelium Superficial Lamina Propria Intermediate Lamina Propria Deep Lamina Propria Thyroarytenoid Muscle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis)
Name the 5 layers of tissues for the Vocal Folds
Thyrohyoid Membrane Lateral & median thyrohyoid Ligament Hyoepiglottic ligament Thyroepiglottic ligament Lateral/median glossoepiglottic ligaments Cricotracheal ligament
Name the extrinsic ligaments that provide attachment between the hyoid or trachea and cartilage of the larynx.
Corniculate Cartilages
On the superior surface of each arytenoid. Prominent landmarks in the aryepiglottic folds.
Pyriform Sinus Fibroelastic Membrane Aryepiglottic Muscles Quadrangular Membranes (People Frequently Ask Questions INSIDE)
Name the intrinsic ligaments that connect the cartilages of the larynx and form the support structure for the cavity of the larynx.
Membranous glottis
Anterior 3/5 of the vocal margin is made up of the soft tissue of the vocal folds
Cuneiform Cartilages
Are small cartilages embedded within the aryepiglottic folds.
EXTRINSIC MUSCLES
Are these extrinsic or intrinsic muscles? Sternothyroid Sternohyoid Omohyoid Thyrohyoid
Hyoepiglottic ligament Thyroepiglottic ligament
Attach the epiglottis to the corpus hyoid and the inner thyroid cartilage below the notch.
Cricotracheal ligament
Attachment of trachea and larynx.
