Ch. 4 - Cells and Energy
Describe how and where energy from light is absorbed during photosynthesis. What happens to the energy after it is absorbed.
Chlorophyll which is a molecule in chloroplasts. The absorbed energy is then made into sugars.
Describe how the light-independent reactions are the synthesis part of photosynthesis.
It ends up with 2 energized electrons from the energy from the sunlight
Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis and explain what it represents.
6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2. Where: CO2 = carbon dioxide H2O = water Light energy is required C6H12O6 = glucose O2 = oxygen
Describe the roles of ADP and ATP in the transfer and use of energy in cells.
ADP has two phosphate groups and ATP has three phosphate groups. When the ATP is broken down, you have phosphate groups that release energy and it converts it into ADP. The electron transport chain is where ATP is produced (in the inner membrane of mitochondria.) ATP carries chemical energy that cells can use.
What types of carbon-based molecules are most often broken down to make ATP? Explain how ATP production differs depending on the type of carbon-based molecule that is broken down.
Absorbed during photosynthesis. There is a double membrane that has photosystems 2 and 1 inside the thylakoid membrane. Chlorophyll A and B is in the thylakoid and they absorb the sun. The energy gets transferred to electrons that capture the energy and transport it to proteins in the membrane. 6H2O + 6CO2 --- 6C6H12O6 Carbohydrates. It depends on the type of molecule broken down for energy.
What is the function of the Krebs Cycle? In your answer, describe the products of the Krebs Cycle and what happens to them.
CO2 + ATP + Electron Carriers (NADH + FADH2) The electron carriers go to the inner membrane of the mitochondria. To produce molecules that carry energy to the second part of Cellular Respiration. A small amount of ATP are made, and other energy-carrying molecules are made. Carbon dioxide is given off as a waste product
Fermentation does not produce ATP. Why is fermentation such an important process in cells?
Fermentation does not make energy but it makes CO2 and it starts with glucose, goes through glycolysis and gets pyruvates. Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue. It removes electrons from NADH molecules and recycles NADH+ molecules for glycolysis. Glycolysis needs a molecule that pick up electrons. It need molecules of NAD+. It allows glycolysis to continue without oxygen
How does glycolysis contribute to the overall process of cellular respiration?
The products of glycolysis are broken down in mitochondria to make more ATP
Explain the function of the election transport chain in cellular respiration. Why is oxygen needed for the electron transport chain?
To make the majority of ATP produced throughout cellular respiration. Oxygen is used to make water molecules.
What roles do electrons and hydrogen ions play in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Water is broken down into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen gas. Electrons used for energy in photosynthesis but not for general cell needs. Electron energy is then used to make molecules that act as energy carriers.
