Ch. 40

Which of the statements is false? Some types of cervical mucus block the passage of sperm, whereas other types guide sperm. The oocyte is the largest cell by volume in the human body. After entering the uterus, sperm must pass through the cervix in order to enter the fallopian tubes. During ovulation, the oocyte is expelled from the ovary and enters the fallopian tubes. If an oocyte is not fertilized, it is removed from the body through menstruation.

After entering the uterus, sperm must pass through the cervix in order to enter the fallopian tubes.

What is the advantage for birds and mammals of having a four-chambered heart? It allows for complete separation of systemic and pulmonary circulation. It allows for complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. It allows for different pressures in the systemic and pulmonary circuits. It allows for increased supply of oxygenated blood to active tissues.

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the statements is false? Population growth is more rapid among asexually reproducing organisms than among sexually reproducing organisms. Not all of the offspring of sexually reproducing individuals can produce offspring. The genetic variation produced by sexual reproduction allows for more rapid evolution. Asexual reproduction does not occur in vertebrates. Asexual reproduction requires less energy than sexual reproduction.

Asexual reproduction does not occur in vertebrates.

Which of the statements is true regarding CO2 in the mammalian bloodstream? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choicesLike oxygen, CO2 is transported through the mammalian bloodstream via hemoglobin; however, CO2 binds to hemoglobin at amine groups rather than heme groups.CO2 is mainly transported through the mammalian bloodstream in the form of bicarbonate ions or carbonic acid.Unlike oxygen, CO2 is transported through the mammalian bloodstream by myoglobin.All CO2 is transported through the mammalian bloodstream as a dissolved gas and is carried directly in the plasma.In the mammalian bloodstream, CO2 is much less soluble than O2.

CO2 is mainly transported through the mammalian bloodstream in the form of bicarbonate ions or carbonic acid.

A researcher has introduced molecules of human myoglobin and hemoglobin into a solution containing oxygen. Which of the statements is true of human hemoglobin and myoglobin?

Compared to human hemoglobin, human myoglobin will likely bind to oxygen molecules more quickly when introduced into the oxygen-containing solution.

A researcher has introduced molecules of human myoglobin and hemoglobin into a solution containing oxygen. Which of the statements is true of human hemoglobin and myoglobin? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choicesCompared to human hemoglobin, human myoglobin will likely bind to oxygen molecules more quickly when introduced into the oxygen-containing solution.Because myoglobin does not interact with oxygen molecules, only human hemoglobin will bind to oxygen molecules in this solution.When introduced into an oxygen-containing solution, human hemoglobin will bind oxygen molecules more tightly than human myoglobin.When introduced into an oxygen-containing solution, human myoglobin and hemoglobin will behave similarly and will bind to the same number of oxygen molecules (with the same affinity).When introduced into an oxygen-containing solution, a single molecule of human myoglobin will bind to more oxygen molecules than a single human hemoglobin molecule will.

Compared to human hemoglobin, human myoglobin will likely bind to oxygen molecules more quickly when introduced into the oxygen-containing solution.

Which of the embryonic transformations is false? Endoderm gives rise to red blood cells. Ectoderm gives rise to the posterior pituitary gland. Mesoderm gives rise to the circulatory system. Endoderm gives rise to the liver. Ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system.

Endoderm gives rise to red blood cells.

A scientist is evaluating the hemoglobin in mountain goats compared to the hemoglobin in normal barnyard goats. How will the hemoglobin in these two goat species compare?

Given that mountain goats tend to live at higher altitudes, these goats will have hemoglobin with a greater oxygen-binding affinity compared to the hemoglobin of barnyard goats.

Which of the statements is false? Individuals produced by asexual reproduction are always haploid. Individuals produced by asexual reproduction are clones of the parent. Mitosis is the basis of asexual reproduction in many eukaryotes. Budding can occur in both unicellular and multicellular organisms.

Individuals produced by asexual reproduction are always haploid.

Which of the statements is false? Internal fertilization prevents the gametes from drying out. External fertilization usually involves the production of large numbers of gametes to increase the chances of successful fertilization. External fertilization occurs outside of an animal's body, whereas internal fertilization takes place inside an animal's body. Internal fertilization occurs only in terrestrial animals.

Internal fertilization occurs only in terrestrial animals.

What is the importance of fertilization in sexual reproduction?

It restores the full complement and number of chromosomes.

Which of the statements about myoglobin is true? When fully saturated, myoglobin carries more O2 molecules than hemoglobin. Myoglobin is found within vertebrate muscle cells. Myoglobin has a lower affinity for O2 than hemoglobin. Myoglobin binds O2 with the same affinity as hemoglobin.

Myoglobin is found within vertebrate muscle cells.

Question Value: 25 Which of the changes occurs during exhalation? Negative pressure in the lungs increases. The diaphragm relaxes and pushes up. Intercostal muscles elevate the ribs. The volume of the thoracic cavity increases. None of the answer options is correct.

The diaphragm relaxes and pushes up.

A researcher is studying a strain of mice that only incorporates 50% of the necessary iron into their hemoglobin molecules. Which of the statements is likely true regarding these mutant mice?

The hemoglobin in these mutant mice will be able to bind half the number of oxygen molecules compared to the hemoglobin of normal or wild-type mice.

Which of the statements about insect respiration is true? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choicesThe insect respiratory system is composed of a series of branching tubes called tracheae.Air enters the bodies of insects through the mouth.After diffusing through the walls of the tracheoles, oxygen is delivered to the body tissues by the circulatory system.Air sacs in many insects hold air for use during the night.

The insect respiratory system is composed of a series of branching tubes called tracheae.

A researcher is culturing cells that require oxygen to live in an incubator where the gas levels are carefully regulated. If the researcher observes that the pO2 in the incubator is 200 mmHg, what can the researcher deduce about the pO2 of her cells?

The pO2 of her cells is less than or equal to 200 mmHg.

At any given point along the length of the gill lamella, how does the pO2 of the blood flowing through the blood vessels in the lamella compare to the pO2 of the water flowing over the gill lamella?

The pO2 of the blood is lower than the pO2 of the water.

Which of the statements is accurate? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choicesOnly Oxygen, not carbon dioxide, moves across the respiratory surface by diffusion.Ventilation increases the concentration of oxygen in the air on the inside of the respiratory surface.Circulation requires a pump to generate pressure to drive flow, whereas ventilation does not.Larger, more complex animals and smaller, simpler animals rely on bulk flow and diffusion to deliver oxygen to their cells.The same amount of oxygen enters the blood through diffusion as is transported by circulation.

The same amount of oxygen enters the blood through diffusion as is transported by circulation.

Which of the statements best explains why asexually reproducing rotifers have greater sequence differences in the two alleles of a gene than do sexually reproducing rotifers? All of these choices are correct. Asexual reproduction increases population sizes more rapidly than sexual reproduction, so more differences accrue. Sexually reproducing organisms evolve more rapidly than asexually reproducing organisms. Mutations occur more frequently in asexually reproducing animals than in sexually reproducing animals. The two alleles of a gene do not recombine in asexual reproduction, and thus, different mutations accumulate on the two alleles.

The two alleles of a gene do not recombine in asexual reproduction, and thus, different mutations accumulate on the two alleles.

Which of the events does not occur during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle? 10-20 oocytes begin to mature. FSH levels increase. Progesterone levels increase. The uterine lining is shed.

The uterine lining is shed.

A man has just learned that he has a blockage in one of his arteries. Which of the statements is true regarding this blockage? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choicesThis blockage will likely increase the resistance to flow in his circulatory system, and as a result, will decrease the rate of blood flow.This blockage will likely decrease the resistance to flow in his circulatory system, and as a result, will decrease the rate of blood flow.This blockage will likely increase the resistance to flow in his circulatory system, and as a result, will increase the rate of blood flow.This blockage will likely decrease the resistance to flow in his circulatory system, and as a result, will increase the rate of blood flow.

This blockage will likely increase the resistance to flow in his circulatory system, and as a result, will decrease the rate of blood flow.

Osmosis requires:

a semipermeable membrane separating areas of different solute concentrations.

Which of these choices increase(s) the amount of oxygen that a fish can extract from the surrounding seawater? ventilation of the gills with the aid of an operculum countercurrent exchange very thin lamellaegills with a large surface area All of these choices are correct.

all

Which of the choices is not a correct pairing of structure with function? amnion: collection of metabolic wastes shell: protection yolk: nutrition chorion: surrounds the entire embryo, yolk, and allantois

amnion: collection of metabolic wastes

Which of the blood vessels play an important role in controlling blood flow to different regions of the body through the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in their walls?

arterioles

The fluid-filled ball of cells produced at the end of cleavage is called the:

blastula

The female homolog of the glans penis is the:

clitoris.

To allow passage of the infant during childbirth, the cervix narrows and lengthens.

false

Which of the hormones is indicative of the presence of a developing embryo and is thus the basis of home pregnancy tests? hCG estradiol progesterone FSH LH

hCG

Which of these changes would increase the rate of oxygen diffusion from the air into the body cells of a flatworm? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choicesincreasing the surface area of the body and the partial pressure of oxygen inside the cellsAll of these choices are correct.increasing the surface area of the bodyincreasing the partial pressure of oxygen inside the cellsincreasing the thickness of the body wall

increasing the surface area of the body

The partial pressure of one gas in a mixture is:

its fractional contribution to total pressure of the mixture.

What percentage of oxygen in the air is typically extracted by the mammalian lung when an animal is resting? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices

less than 25%

External fertilization occurs in all of the animal groups except: - salmon - frogs - lizards - perch

lizards

At the venous end of a capillary, the blood pressure is _____ the osmotic pressure and fluid _____ the blood vessel.

lower than; moves into

The pulmonary veins carry:

oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

The hormone _____, released from the _____, causes uterine contractions that facilitate childbirth.

oxytocin; posterior pituitary

In which of the following forms of reproduction does an unfertilized egg develop into a new individual?

parthenogenesis

What is the function of surfactant in the mammalian respiratory system?

reduction of surface tension in the fluid covering the alveoli

During heavy exercise, blood pH will decrease. This will result in a shift to the ________ of the hemoglobin dissociation curve shown.

right

In which of the heart chambers would deoxygenated blood be found?

right atrium and right ventricle

Sperm are produced in the _____ tubules of the testes.

seminiferous

In which of the structures are sperm produced? seminiferous tubules seminal vesicles vas deferens epididymis prostate gland

seminiferous tubules

What of the choices is the correct path taken by sperm from the site of production to the site of ejection?

seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

Which of these chemicals will not pass through the phospholipid bilayer of a membrane? carbon dioxide sodium ions molecular oxygen

sodium ions

A shift to the right in the hemoglobin dissociation curve means that:

the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 has decreased.

Why do cells in the airways of the lungs produce mucus?

to trap pathogens and guard against infection

Diffusion is an effective way to exchange gases over short distances but not over large distances.

true

During reproduction, male scorpions release a spermatophore (packet of sperm) into the environment. The female scorpion takes the spermatophore up into her body, where it is used to fertilize her eggs. This is an example of internal fertilization.

true

Fetal movement can first be felt by the mother in the second trimester of development.

true

Organisms that provide high energy and resource investment in their young are K-strategists.

true

The products of meiosis in sexually reproducing species contain one member of each chromosome pair found in the parent organism.

true

The human embryo normally implants and develops in which of the structures?

uterus

Under which of the conditions would you expect to find Daphnia reproducing asexually?

warm temperatures