ch 5

vision

A ______ is a long-term goal describing "what" an organization wants to become. It is a clear sense of the future and actions needed to get there.

mission

An organization's _____ is its purpose or reason for being.

rule

A ____ is a standing that designates specific required action.

project

A _____ is a single-use plan of less scope and complexity that a program.

Goal/objective

A GOAL also known as an ______, is a specific commitment to achieve a measurable result within a stated period of time.

program

A ____ is a single-use plan encompassing a range of projects or activities.

Policy

A ____ is a standing plan that outlines the general response to designated problem or situation

Mission statement

It is up to the top managers and the board of directors to formulate a ______ _____, which expresses the purpose of the organization.

Means-end chain

Like planning, goals are arranged in hierarchy known as ___-____ ____ because in the chain of management (operational, tactical, strategic) the accomplishment of low-level goals is the means leading to the accomplishment of high-level goals or ends.

Cascading

MBO (management by objectives) works by _____ objectives down through the organization; that is, objectives are structured in a unified hierarchy becoming more specific at lower levels of the organization

operation planning

Middle managers then pass these plans along to first-line managers to do _____ _____ that is they determine how to accomplish specific tasks with available resources within the next 1-52 weeks.

Tactical planning

Strategic priorities and policies are then passed down to middle managers, who most do _____ _____ that is, they determine what contributions their departments or similar work units can make with their given resources during the next 6-24 months.

planning/control cycle

The ____/____ ___ has two planning steps and two control steps. (1) make the plan. (2) carry out the plan. (3) Control the direction by comparing results with the plan. (4) Control the direction by taking corrective action in two ways - namely (a) by correcting deviations in the plan being carried out or (b) by improving future plans.

operating plan

The _____ plan, which is typically designed for a 1-year period, defines how you will conduct your business based on the action plan; it identifies clear targets such as revenues, cash flow, and market share.

action plan

The goal should be following by an ____ plan, which defines the course of action needed to achieve the stated goal.

Vision statement

Top managers need to develop a ______ _____, which expresses what the organization should become, where it wants to go strategically.

strategic planning

Using their mission and vision statement, top managers do _____ ______ - they determine what the organization's long-term goals should be for the next 1-5 years with the resources they expect to have available.

Management by objectives (MBO)

____ _ ____ is a four-step process in which (1) managers and employees jointly set objectives for the employee, (2) managers develop action plans, (3) managers and employees periodically review the employee's performance, and (4) the managers makes a performance appraisal and rewards the employee according to results.

SMART goal

____ ____ is one that is Specific, measurable, Attainable, Results-oriented, and has Target dates.

Tactical goal

____ goal are set by and for middle managers and focus on the actions needed to achieve the strategic goals.

operation goals

____ goals are set by and for first-line managers and are concerned with short-term maters associated with realizing tactical goals.

prospectors

_____ focus on developing new products or services and in seeking out new markets, rather than waiting for things to happen.

Strategic goals

_____ goals are set y and for top management and focus on objectives for the organization as a whole.

defenders

______ are experts at producing and selling narrowly defined products or services.

analyzers

______ let other organizations take the risks of product development and marketing and then imitate (or perhaps slightly improve on) what seems to work best.

Reactors

______ make adjustments only when finally forced to by environmental pressures.

standing plan

______ plans are plans developed for activities that occur repeatedly over a period of time.

Single-use plans

______-___ plans are plans developed for activities that are not likely to be repeated in the future.

planning

_______ -setting goals and deciding how to achieve them

planning

_______ is coping with uncertainty by formulating future courses of action to achieve specified results

precedure

a _____ (or standard operating procedure) is a standing plan that outlines the response to particular problems or circumstances.