CH. 5

The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) integument. E) papillary layer.

C

The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup. A) biliverdin B) keratin C) carotene D) melanin E) bilirubin

C

This layer is composed of a high concentration of collagen fibers. A) stratum corneum B) stratum granulosum C) dermis D) hypodermis E) cornified region

C

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane? A) epidermis, hypodermis, dermis B) dermis, epidermis, hypodermis C) epidermis, dermis, hypodermis D) hypodermis, dermis, epidermis E) dermis, hypodermis, dermis

C

Which statement is true for merocrine sweat glands? A) They discharge their secretions into the hair follicles. B) They are for hair lubrication. C) They are more numerous than apocrine sweat glands. D) They are important in communication between individuals, related to sexual attraction. E) They make the skin more pliable and soft.

C

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle? A) There is an abundance of capillaries in the hypodermis. B) The hypodermis is highly innervated. C) Since it is vascularized, the hypodermis can absorb a lot of fluid. D) Both elastic fibers and collagen fibers are present. E) The presence of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels help local tissues defend and repair themselves.

C

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) epidermis and dermis. E) subcutaneous layer.

A

The ________ is associated with the puckering of skin and the pulling of the hair follicle. A) arrector pili B) hypodermis C) dermal papilla D) epidermal ridge E) stratum basale

A

The layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the A) stratum corneum. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum basale. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.

A

The most mitotically active part of the skin is structure A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) Q.

A

The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from A) nonpigmented epithelial cells. B) melanocytes. C) pigmented basal cells. D) nonpigmented dermal cells. E) keratinocytes.

B

Thick skin can be found on the A) back. B) palms. C) legs. D) arms. E) chest.

B

Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) subcutaneous layer. E) integument as a whole.

B

The walls of each hair follicle contain all the cell layers found in which of the following? A) hypodermis B) dermis C) subcutaneous layer D) epidermis E) basement membrane

D

What is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis? A) dense, regular connective tissue B) stratified squamous epithelium C) reticular connective tissue D) areolar connective tissue E) dense, irregular connective tissue

D

When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiologic basis? A) The blood supply to the skin increases. B) The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases. C) Melanocytes increase production of red pigments. D) The blood supply to the skin decreases. E) Increased heat causes the skin to turn red.

D

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by A) decreasing melanin production. B) losing oxygen to surrounding tissues. C) constricting blood vessels. D) dilating blood vessels. E) increasing keratin production.

D

Through which cellular interactions are the cells of the stratum basale firmly attached to the plasma membrane? A) gap junctions B) CAMs C) tight junctions D) connexons E) hemidesmosomes

E

What is the function of melanin? A) It provides water-resistant properties to the integument. B) It continuously divides to replace cells that are lost or shed at the epithelial surface. C) It is converted by the kidneys into the hormone calcitriol. D) It is required for the normal maintenance of epithelial cells. E) It protects DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation.

E

Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer? A) melanoma B) cyanosis C) squamous cell carcinoma D) albinism E) basal cell carcinoma

E

The ________ layer of the dermis contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin. A) germinative B) reticular C) subcutaneous D) papillary E) corneal

B

The hypodermis A) provides mechanical strength to the skin. B) is quite elastic. C) has no blood vessels. D) is composed of strata with various functions. E) contains a variety of sensory receptors.

B

The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called A) melanin. B) keratin. C) carotene. D) dermicidin. E) calcitriol.

B

The subcutaneous layer consists of A) epithelial and adipose tissues. B) areolar and adipose tissues. C) dense connective and loose connective tissues. D) epithelium and loose connective tissues. E) skeletal muscles and adipose tissue.

B

Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body? A) conduction B) evaporation C) convection D) radiation E) diffusion

B

) In albinism, ________ is lacking. A) melanin B) keratin C) carotene D) keratinocytes E) collagen

A

Nerve fibers in the dermis most likely function in A) defending of local tissues after infection. B) providing nutrients and oxygen to the skin. C) monitoring sensory receptors in the dermis. D) repairing tissue after injury. E) removing carbon dioxide and waste products.

C

The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is A) a boil. B) a carbuncle. C) acne. D) a blister. E) a freckle.

C

The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the A) stratum corneum. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum basale. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.

C

Functions of the skin include A) regulating body temperature. B) synthesizing antibodies. C) producing adipose tissue. D) synthesizing digestive enzymes. E) release of large amounts of hormones.

A

Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ________ glands. A) ceruminous B) apocrine sweat C) sebaceous D) merocrine sweat E) mammary

A

Lipid is concentrated with the cells of the A) hypodermis. B) dermis. C) cornified region. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.

A

The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of ________ production. A) melanin B) keratinocyte C) carotene D) keratin E) melanocyte

A

The reticular layer's collagen fibers directly provide which function? A) prevent damage to the tissue B) nourish the epidermis C) provide flexibility D) provide sensory information E) increase surface area of the dermis

A

The structure composed of stratified squamous epithelium is A) A. B) B. C) C. D) M. E) L.

A

When the arrector pili muscles contract, A) "goose bumps" are formed. B) hairs are shed. C) sweat is released from sweat glands. D) shivering occurs. E) the skin changes color.

A

Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber? A) provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury B) helps cushion a light blow to the head C) protects the scalp from UV light D) helps prevent the entry of foreign particles E) provides protection for the surface of the eye

A

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow. A) Carotene B) Melanin C) Sebum D) Cerumen E) Cyanosis

A

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, A) they divide. B) they die. C) their nutrient supply increases. D) they enter the dermis. E) they produce daughter cells.

B

Elderly people tend to have rougher skin and more brittle hair than younger people. What structure is associated with this problem? A) merocrine glands B) sebaceous glands C) ceruminous glands D) apocrine glands E) eccrine glands

B

Merocrine sweat glands A) are most common in the axillary and inguinal regions of the body. B) respond primarily to elevated body temperature. C) respond only in times of stress. D) are active only in areas of dense hair. E) are absent in the palms and soles.

B

Which of the following is the function of the combination of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae? A) increase storage of nutrients in the digestive tract B) increase surface area for diffusion between the dermis and epidermis C) increase sensory reception D) increase secretion of milk in specialized integumentary glands E) increase large reserves of lipids in adipose tissue

B

Which statement is correct? A) Using expensive hair products can enhance the mitotic growth of hair cells within the shaft. B) A hair shaft is made of varying densities and consistencies of keratin. C) All hairs have the same growth cycle until mid-life. D) Carotene is the major pigment that colors hair shafts. E) Any hair loss signifies a medical condition, which should be checked by a doctor.

B

In other mammals, the ________ glands function as scent glands, providing an important form of communication. A) eccrine B) sebaceous C) apocrine D) mammary E) merocrine

C

The dermis is composed largely of A) adipose. B) fluid connective. C) dense irregular connective. D) muscle. E) neural.

C

The function of the secretion of a sebaceous gland is A) cell lysis. B) thermoregulation. C) lubrication. D) contraction. E) energy.

C

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands. A) ceruminous B) mucous C) apocrine D) sebaceous E) merocrine

C

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it A) increases blood flow in the dermis. B) stimulates the synthesis of photoreceptor pigments in the eye. C) constricts blood vessels in the dermis. D) stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis. E) adjusts overall gland secretion rates in the body.

D

Drugs suspended in ________ or ________ can be carried across the plasma membranes of the epidermal cells. A) water; blood B) water; lipids C) oils; alcohol D) oils; lipid-soluble solvents E) sebum; water

D

Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight. A) vitamin D2 B) vitamin C C) vitamin E D) vitamin D3 E) vitamin A

D

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light A) can result in increased numbers of melanocytes forming in the skin. B) can result in decreased melanin production by melanocytes. C) can cause destruction of vitamin D3. D) can increase melanocyte activity. E) has no effect on the skin cells.

D

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from A) discoloration. B) melanocyte activity. C) albinism. D) ultraviolet radiation. E) keratin production.

D

Perspiration that is produced by apocrine sweat glands A) is more than 99 percent water. B) contains electrolytes and waste products, such as urea. C) helps to cool the surface of the skin when it evaporates. D) is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin. E) contains astringent compounds that contract the skin and its sweat gland pores.

D

The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the A) stratum corneum. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum basale. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.

D

The function of the arrector pili is A) diffusion. B) thermoregulation. C) lubrication. D) contraction. E) fat storage.

D

The skin is also called the ________ membrane. A) serous B) mucous C) synovial D) cutaneous E) peritoneal

D

You have been severely burned on the right arm in a house fire, but you are now recovering. The second- and third-degree burns have destroyed the epidermis and dermis of your arm. Predict the long-term consequences of this burn. A) death at an early age B) inability to control body temperature C) no skin at all will replace the burned area D) no growth of hair in the damaged skin area E) inability to use the arm in any way

D

A hair shaft is composed of A) melanin. B) carotene. C) starch. D) lipid. E) keratin.

E

Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial). 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum granulosum 5. stratum spinosum A) 3, 5, 4, 1, 2 B) 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 C) 2, 1, 4, 5, 3 D) 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 E) 2, 5, 4, 1, 3

E

Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure? A) hair root B) cuticle of the hair C) medulla of the hair D) cortex of the hair E) hair matrix

E

Mammary glands are modified A) sensory receptors. B) wax glands. C) oil glands. D) sebaceous glands. E) sweat glands.

E

Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands. A) ceruminous B) apocrine sweat C) sebaceous D) merocrine sweat E) mammary

E

Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called A) epidermal ridges. B) strata. C) reticular layers. D) accessory structures. E) dermal papillae.

E

Shafts of hair are comprised of A) living keratinized dermal cells. B) dead keratinized dermal cells. C) keratinized adipose cells. D) living keratinized epidermal cells. E) dead keratinized epidermal cells.

E

The blood supply to the skin arises from a network of blood vessels called the ________ plexus in the hypodermis, at its border with the reticular layer of the dermis. A) cervical B) mesenteric C) brachial D) celiac E) cutaneous

E

The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the A) epidermis. B) subcutaneous layer. C) stratum basale. D) stratum corneum. E) dermis.

E

The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion? A) eccrine B) apocrine C) merocrine D) endocrine E) holocrine

E