Ch. 5

Caleb often felt very sad when he saw a sad child, and he generally felt happy when others were happy. Caleb is ________.

empathetic

According to the text, girls' interactions with others are generally ________.

enabling

Between 5 and 7 years, children begin to show _________.

that situational changes or personal wishes do not change one's gender

At what age do infants begin to use social smiles when they see another human face?

2-3 months

Which culture, in general, tends to favor emotional restraint?

Asian

Which statement is true about father-infant relationships?

Fathers and mothers play different types of games with their infants.

According to Bowlby, why have children been evolutionarily selected to form attachments?

It makes them more likely to survive

What is one reason school-aged children show more altruism than preschoolers?

Preschoolers are more egocentric.

The text suggests that gender roles ________.

are softening, yet retain some traditional elements

Which of the following supports gender-schema theory?

Rosie saw other girls playing on the obstacle course; she decided she would play on the obstacle course.

Cassandra's 2-year-old daughter seems to be strong-willed about doing things her own way. Cassandra says she is in the "terrible twos." You realize, however, that her daughter is simply trying to show ________.

autonomy

Interestingly, stranger wariness begins around the time infants ________.

begin to be good crawlers

When a particular theme organizes children's play, it is defined as ________ play.

cooperative

Which psychological perspective poses that many human behaviors represent successful adaptation to the environment?

evolutionary

In the following scenario, what is the father displaying? Jim and his father are shopping for a birthday present for his sister, Sally. Jim chooses a truck that Sally can play with in the sand. Jim's father says, "No, let's get her a girl toy, like this doll."

gender typing

One of the strongest gender differences, one that begins early in life and is seen in almost all cultures, is that ________________.

males show more physical aggression

LaWanda's 16-month-old child is being tested using Ainsworth's Strange Situation. Little Rodrick cries when LaWanda leaves the room, but wants to be with her and stops crying upon her return. What type of attachment relationship does Rodrick seem to have with LaWanda?

secure

Eight-month-old Janie is delighted to find the new, shiny ball her father brought home for her. As she approaches the ball, she is happy, but she continually looks at her father to see if it is okay to touch it. Janie is showing ________.

social referencing

One-year-old Annie is exploring her new day care and frequently looks toward her mother as she does so. Annie's behavior exemplifies ________.

true attachment

Which of Erikson's stages of human development explains that infants can acquire hope, an openness to new experience tempered by wariness that discomfort or danger may arise?

trust versus mistrust