Ch. 5 Nutrients

All of the following foods may contain trans fat EXCEPT ________

Corn oil

How many total grams of fat are in Bob's salad? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.

54g

What is the percent of kilocalories from fat in Bob's salad? During calculations, round to the first decimal place. Round your final answer to the nearest whole percent

Good job! When calculating the percent of kilocalories from fat, you must convert grams of fat in to kilocalories from fat and then divide by the total kilocalories. The calculation would look like: 53.6 g Total Fat ×× 9 kcal/gram = 482.4 kcals 482.4 kcals/892 Total kcals = 0.5408 ×× 100 = 54%

Which of the following prefer(s) utilizing lipids as fuel?

Heart

Which of the following statements correctly describes the metabolic fate of the lipids transported by lipoproteins?

The LDL cholesterol interacts with receptor sites on the surface of cells to release cholesterol that can be used to make bile, hormones, and vitamin D

A triglyceride molecule consists of _______ fatty acids connected to ______ glycerol.

Three; one

A primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease is elevated blood lipids, especially LDL cholesterol. The level of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol relative to LDL cholesterol in the blood can be useful in determining the health of the arteries and the risk of developing heart disease. The optimal level of blood lipids includes a lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol to reduce the amount of lipids that infiltrate the arterial wall creating plaque buildup. A higher HDL cholesterol may help protect against cholesterol buildup in the arterial wall. Which of the following blood lipids typically analyzed in a blood lipid profile are considered optimal to reduce the risk of heart disease?

Total cholesterol <200 mg/dlLDL cholesterol <100 mg/dlHDL cholesterol >60 mg/dl

Lipids are hydrophobic, which means __________.

Water fearing

Foods contain only one type of fatty acid, either saturated or unsaturated, but never both.

false

Controllable risk factors for heart disease include __________.

high blood pressure and smoking

Which class of lipoproteins contains the MOST protein compared to lipid?

high-density lipoproteins

What is the major phospholipid found in cell membranes?

lecithin

The two essential fatty acids are __________.

linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid

Enzymes that digest lipids are called __________.

lipases

Transport vehicles for lipids in the blood and lymph are called __________.

lipoproteins

Consumption of which dietary fat lowers LDL cholesterol levels but maintains (or improves) HDL levels?

monounsaturated fat

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) Part complete Does this salad meet the AMDR recommendation for fat?

no

Which of the following foods is the best source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

olive oil

Phospholipids make good emulsifiers because __________.

one end is hydrophilic, or water loving

Which of the following foods does NOT contain dietary cholesterol?

peanut butter

The following salad contains spring mix, bell peppers, carrots, cucumbers, mushrooms, bacon bits, egg, Colby Jack cheese, croutons, and ranch dressing. Which of the following changes would make the most significant change in the type of fat in the salad so that the salad offers more healthful types of fats and less unhealthful fat?

replacing Colby Jack cheese with almonds

The following salad contains spring mix, bell peppers, carrots, cucumbers, mushrooms, bacon bits, egg, Colby Jack cheese, croutons, and ranch dressing. Which of the following changes would make the most significant reduction in the amount of fat in this salad?

replacing ranch dressing with lite ranch dressing

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 recommend limiting sources of added sugars and saturated fat. What changes can Bob make to his salad to follow these recommendations and reduce the saturated fat or added sugars in his salad? Use the Build A Salad Nutrition Facts panel to assist you. Select all that apply.

replacing ranch dressing with vinaigrette reducing cheese by using either Parmesan or Colby Jack but not both replacing bacon bits with chicken

Which type of fatty acid is most common in animal-based foods, such as steak, butter, and milk?

saturated fat

Most lipid digestion occurs in the __________.

small intestine

To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, it''s best to increase the amount of __________ in your diet.

soluble fiber

A key difference between omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids is __________.

the location of the first double bond

Cholesterol transported from the cells to the liver by HDL can then be used to synthesize bile.

ture

Fatty acids that are liquid at room temperature are generally __________.

unsaturated

Day-to-day choices can help reduce the risk of heart disease. One of the major risk factors for development of heart disease is elevated LDL, which can be affected by dietary factors like the types and amounts of dietary fat consumed. Read the statements below and select all of the correct statements regarding how various dietary fats affect LDL cholesterol levels. Select all that apply.

*Trans fats are worse for heart health than saturated fats because they raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol. *Increasing intake of EPA and DHA through consuming fish may be helpful for most adults, but a physician should be consulted before taking fish oil supplements. *Increasing intake of plant foods may be one of the easiest ways to decrease LDL blood cholesterol.

Review the case study and then answer Parts A through E. Recently, Bob's doctor referred him to a dietitian to discuss his health goals. In discussing his eating patterns, his dietitian discussed how dietary fat plays an important role in our body's functions, using the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) to describe recommendations for fat intake. To illustrate how different foods contribute dietary fat, Bob and his dietitian took a closer look at the salad Bob had for lunch the previous day while out with friends. Below is what he selected.

892 kcal

Which of the following statements correctly identifies the process of lipid transport?

A layer of proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol molecules surrounds each chylomicron to facilitate transport

Which of the following statements regarding lipoproteins is TRUE?

As the very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) deposit triglycerides in the cells, they become denser and are classified as low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).

Which of the following foods contains primarily saturated fats?

Butter

Which of the following foods is the best source of polyunsaturated fatty acid?

corn oil