CH 5: Stress

behavioral coping

set of physical activities that are used to deal with a stressful situation

stress

a psychological response to demands that possess certain stakes for the person and that tax or exceed the person's capacity or resources

steps in stress management

1. assess level and source of stress 2. reduce stressors - consider alternative courses of action 3. provide resources 4. reducing strains

ways to manage stressors

1. eliminate or significantly reduce stressful demands 2. sabbaticals

ways to reduce strains

1. relaxation techniques 2. cognitive behavioral techniques 3. health and wellness programs / employee assistance programs

types of resources

1. training interventions 2. supportive practices

Ted has always been a hard-driving, competitive individual. He talks fast, walks fast, eats fast, and gets angry fast. Ted would likely be described as exhibiting the Type ___ Behavior Pattern.

A

health and wellness programs

Employee assistance programs that help workers with personal problems such as alcoholism and other addictions

Which of the following are organizational practices designed to reduce strains on employees? (Choose every correct answer.) Type D behavioral programs Health and wellness programs Employee assistance programs Stress audit programs

Health and wellness programs Employee assistance programs

physiological strains

Result from stressors occur in at least four systems of the human body (harm physical body)

recovery

The degree to which energies used for coping with work demands are restored from a period of rest or relief from work.

social support

The help people receive from others when they are confronted with stressful demands

In her job as an annuity specialist at a financial services firm, Raquel regularly fields calls from clients who want to make withdrawals or reallocations. Since she perceives these duties to be routine, how would she categorize these less stressful duties?

benign job demands

Jason is frustrated with the group project that is due in his organizational behavior class. His team hasn't met to discuss who is going to do which portion of the project and no deadlines have been set. Jason is experiencing role Blank______ with this project.

ambiguity

cognitive behavioral techniques

attempt to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner

influences of stress process

behavior pattern type, recovery, social support

coping strategies

behavioral or cognitive method & problem- or emotion-focused

coping

behaviors and thoughts used to manage stressful demands and the emotions associated with the stressful demands

People consider Blank______ job demands less stressful.

benign

types of social support

instrumental and emotional

secondary appraisal

center on the issue of how people cope with the various stressors they face "What should I do?"

Which of the following are supportive practices that help employees manage and balance their role demands? compressed workweeks primary appraisals flextime stress audits telecommuting

compressed workweeks flextime telecommuting

Which of the following behavior characteristics are exhibited by individuals with the Type A Behavior Pattern? not competitive constant sense of urgency hard-driving and competitive easy-going and laid back

constant sense of urgency hard-driving and competitive

What is the term for the actions and beliefs people use to face stress and the emotions caused by stress?

coping

How do hindrance stressors affect job performance?

create negative feelings about the job

stressors

demands that cause people to experience stress

What is the first step in managing stress?

determining the amount of stress in an organization and its causes

transactional theory of stress

explains how stressors are perceived and appraised, as well as how people respond to those perceptions and appraisals 1. stressors 2. primary appraisal 3. secondary appraisal

sabbitical

gives employees opportunity to take time off from work to engage in an alternative activity

What is the term for employer practices that are intended to help employees with personal problems, such as alcohol and drug dependencies, financial problems, or marital difficulties?

health and wellness programs

supportive practices

help employees manage and balance the demands that exist in the different roles they have (ex: Flextime, childcare, telecommuting)

People who experience higher levels of Blank______ stressors tend to have lower levels of organizational commitment.

hindrance

What is the name for the type of stressors that prevent people from achieving personal success or goals?

hindrance

types of stressors

hindrance or challenge & work or nonwork

training interventions

increasing job-related competencies and skills

benign job demands

job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful

Bev and Noah are librarians at Summit Elementary School. Bev works on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and Noah works on Tuesdays and Thursdays. They divide the single librarian position, salary, and employee benefits proportionately. What is the name for this type of arrangement?

job sharing

stress audit

managers assess the level and sources of stress in the workplace

strains

negative consequences that occur when demands tax or exceed a person's capacity or resources

Hindrance stressors most often trigger Blank______ emotions, whereas challenge stressors most often trigger Blank______ emotions.

negative; positive

positive life events

nonwork challenge stressor

personal development

nonwork challenge stressor participation in activities outside of work that foster growth and learning (ex: formal education programs, music lessons, sports training, hobby related self education, local government, volunteer work)

family time demands

nonwork challenge stressor the time that a person commits to participate in an array of family activities and responsibilities

financial uncertainty

nonwork hindrance stressor conditions that create uncertainties with regard to the loss of livelihood, savings, or the ability to pay expenses

work family conflict

nonwork hindrance stressor role conflict - demands of a work role hinder the fulfillment of the demands of a family role (or vice versa)

negative life events

nonwork hindrance stressors

According to the transactional theory of stress, which of the following would be considered a work hindrance stressor? no day-to-day interruptions in your schedule the death of a close family member a relatively high level of work responsibility not receiving guidelines needed to complete tasks

not receiving guidelines needed to complete tasks

primary appraisal

occurs as people evaluate the significance and the meaning of the stressor they're confronting consider whether a demand causes them to feel stressed if it does - consider implications of the stressor in terms of personal goals & well-being

What term is used to describe a paid or unpaid leave of absence provided for study and research, travel, community service, or personal renewal?

sabbatical

Primary appraisal answers the question "Is this stressful?" and ____ appraisal poses the question "What should be done?"

secondary

After his company announced that it plans to cut 30% of the workforce within the next 90 days, Deon begins to experience chronic headaches and insomnia. These are Blank______ strains caused by stressors.

physiological

High blood pressure, gastrointestinal problems, headaches, and heart disease are examples of Blank______ strains caused by stressors.

physiological

types of strains

physiological, psychological, and behavioral

examples of cognitive methods of coping strategies

problem-focused: strategizing, motivating, changing priorities emotion-focused: avoiding, distancing, and ignoring; looking for positive in the negative; reappraising

examples of behavioral methods of coping strategies

problem-focused: working harder, seeking assistance, acquiring additional resources emotion-focused: engaging in alt. activities, seeking support, venting anger

relaxation tecniques

progressive muscle relaxation, misc. calming activities

job sharing

reduce role overload and work family conflict two people share the responsibilities of a single job, as if the two people were performing as a single unit

psychological strains

result from stressors and include depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, reduced self-confidence, irritability, inability to think clearly, forgetfulness, burnout, lack of creativity, memory loss, loss of sense of humor.

Laura is a new physician in a busy clinic. She wants to spend enough time with her patients to understand their health concerns, but the clinic schedules too many patients every day to be able to spend more than fifteen minutes with each one. Laura is frustrated with this state of events. What is she experiencing?

role conflict

What is the term for the negative consequences associated with stress?

strains

Deon just learned that his company is going to announce layoffs by the end of the month. He is completely overwhelmed by this news and doesn't know how he's going to meet his financial responsibilities if he loses his job. What is Deon experiencing?

stress

High-level executives and managers often feel physical and mental effects due to the Blank______ caused by their demanding jobs

stress

Psychologists use the term ____ to describe a state of mental or emotional tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances.

stress

In a Blank______ Blank______, managers study the positions in their workplaces to determine if stress is negatively impacting employees.

stress audit

hindrance stressors

stressful demands that people tend to perceive as hindering their progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment trigger negative emotions

challenge stressors

stressful demands that people tend to perceive as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievement trigger positive emotions

type A behavior pattern

strong sense of time urgency and tend to be impatient, hard-driving, competitive, controlling, aggressive, and even hostile

What are major factors in determining why employees experience differing levels of stress? the amount of social support the employee receives the size of the organization the nature of the stressors the personality type of the employee

the amount of social support the employee receives the nature of the stressors the personality type of the employee

burnout

the emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion that results from having to cope with stressful demands on an ongoing basis (psychological strain)

emotional social support

the help people receive in addressing the emotional distress that accompanies stressful demands

instrumental social support

the help people receive that can be used to address the stressful demand directly

cognitive coping

the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation

emotion-focused coping

the various ways in which people manage their own emotional reactions to stressful demands

Hospitals may offer stress management programs for its employees to help them recognize sources of stress and teach them stress-reduction skills. What is the name for this type of program?

training intervention

True or false: Employees can have different reactions to identical stressors as the result of a number of factors, such as perception, appraisal, and the degree of social support they receive.

true

behavioral strains

unhealthy behaviors such as grinding one's teeth at night, being overly critical and bossy, excessive smoking, compulsive gum chewing, overuse of alcohol, and compulsive eating

effects of challenge stressors on OB

weak, positive correlation to job performance moderate, positive correlation to organizational commitment

work complexity

work challenge stressor the degree to which the requirements of the work, in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities, tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is responsible for performing the work

work responsibility

work challenge stressor the nature of the obligations that a person has toward others

time pressure

work challenge stressor a strong sense that the amount of time you have to do a task is just not quite enough

role ambiguity

work hindrance stressor absence of role clarity, or the lack of info, about what needs to be done and unpredictability regarding consequences of performance in that role

role conflict

work hindrance stressor conflicting expectations that other people may have of us

role overload

work hindrance stressor number of demanding roles a person holds is so high that the person simply cannot perform some or all of the roles effectively

daily hassles

work hindrance stressor the relatively minor day-to-day demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish