Ch. 5 Vitamins

The nurse is discussing the actions of vitamins with a group of nursing students. The topic is how some vitamins function as coenzymes. Which of the following vitamins help to extract energy from glucose?

niacin

The nurse is monitoring the progress of a client who is receiving isoniazid therapy. The nurse is aware that isoniazid acts as an antagonist with which of the following nutrients?

vitamin B6

A client reports taking a "multivitamin supplement" each day before breakfast along with prescribed medications. What is the best response for the nurse to make after learning this information?

"Can a family member bring in the supplement bottle so I can see it?"

A client is questioning what it means to take a "megadose." How should the nurse respond?

"Megadoses are amounts at least 10 times greater than the RDA."

The nutrition class is learning the best source for various nutrients. The nurse recognizes that the students understand the source of vitamin A when they state which of the following?

"Preformed vitamin A is found in animal sources."

While instructing on vitamin supplements the client states the intention to not take the supplements as prescribed. Which is the best response for the nurse to make to this client?

"They are essential to life and are needed for regular body processes."

The nurse is meeting with a group of young women who are interested in becoming pregnant and want to ensure that their nutritional intake is adequate. The nurse explains that the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend how much synthetic folic acid daily?

400 ug

The nurse is seeing a female client who would like to get pregnant understands that it is important to consume enough folic acid. How much folic acid should this client consume on a daily basis?

400 ug

The nurse is talking with a group of high school students about eating a balanced diet. The nurse recommends the students eat at least how many servings of fruits and vegetables daily?

5 servings

The nurse is discussing with a group of clients the various nutrients and the recommended intake of each. The nurse explains that the recommended intake of vitamin A is:

700 ug RAE for women, 900 ug RAE for men

A client has asked the nurse how many grams of vitamin C she and her husband should take on a daily basis. The nurse explains that the recommended amounts are:

75 mg for women and 90 mg for men.

After completing a medication history the nurse is concerned that a client is at risk for a bleeding disorder. What information caused the nurse to have this concern?

Aspirin 325 mg and vitamin E 100 mg

The nurse learns that a client eats one meal a day and takes no vitamin supplements. Which assessment finding suggests to the nurse that the client might be experiencing a vitamin deficiency?

Sluggish healing of a leg wound

The nurse is aware that the body can store certain vitamins. The body store vitamin A for how long?

12 months

A group of young mothers are discussing ways to increase the vitamin intake of their families. Which of the following is an option that will increase the vitamin intake?

Add vegetables to other foods.

Each vitamin has important functions that are necessary to maintain homeostasis. Which of the following is an important role of vitamin A?

It assists with immune function.

The nurse is providing client education regarding the importance of consuming meats, fruits, green leafy vegetables, and nuts in the diet to obtain enough B6 because it's function is in the body is which of the following?

It helps to produce insulin.

The nurse should correctly explain to a client that the following is a function of vitamin E?

It is a primary fat-soluble antioxidant.

A nurse is seeing a client who reports she is concerned about free radicals. The client is seeking nutritional guidance to prevent the damage that can be cause by them. Which of the following foods can the nurse recommend for prevention?

Leafy green vegetables

The nurse thinks that a client could benefit from a vitamin supplement. What finding did the nurse use to make this clinical determination?

Leaves salad and vegetables uneaten on meal tray

The nurse recognizes that vitamins are necessary nutrients that are different from other organic compounds. Which of the following is one of those differences?

The quantity of vitamins needed is measured in micrograms or milligrams.

Vitamins are complex organic compounds that are essential to life. Which of the following is a basic function of vitamins?

Vitamins assist in metabolism of energy.

The nurse is discussing the differences between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins with a group of student nurses. Which of the following should the nurse be sure to include in the discussion?

Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the bloodstream.

The nurse is teaching a group of clients how to read and understand food labels. The nurse explains that to "enrich" translates to which of the following?

add back nutrients that were lost during processing.

A client is confused by the different types of vitamin D. The nurse explains that the different types indicate the source. Which food source provides the cholecalciferol form of vitamin D?

animal foods

A client is concerned about free radicals and the potential damage they can cause. What substance can help to eliminate or lessen free radical damage?

antioxidants vitamins

The nurse is preparing a discharge plan for a patient who was found to be deficient in niacin. Which of the following health problems may result from a niacin deficiency? Select all that apply.

dermatitis dementia

A nurse educator is providing education to students about the differences between the two major categories of vitamins. The nurse correctly explains fat-soluble vitamins transported through the blood in which of the following ways?

attached to protein carriers

The class is discussing food labels. One student points out that a certain vitamin is listed as a "food coloring." Which vitamin is sometimes used to add color to food?

beta-carotene

The nurse knows that vitamin C is known to promote the formation of which of the following?

collagen.

A client is interested in ensuring that he keeps free radical damage to a minimum. Which of the following foods can the nurse recommend to assist the client with this goal? Select all that apply.

dried apples dark chocolate red wine

The nurse is aware that individuals living in colder climates may not get enough vitamin D. Which food source can the nurse recommend to these clients?

egg yolk

Which of the following can the nurse suggest to the client to help ensure adequate retinol intake?

egg yolk

The nurse is aware that some nutrients, if taken in excess, can have an adverse effect on other nutrients. Which of the following can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency if taken in excess?

folate

The nurse is teaching a class to a group of clients who are interested in losing weight and improving their nutritional intake. The nurse encourages the group to eat a variety of which food groups to ensure ingestion of beta-carotene and vitamin C? Select all that apply.

fruits vegetables

The nurse is encouraging a client to eat a variety of food to ensure adequate nutritional intake. Which food group will provide thiamine?

grains

A nutrition class is discussing the various forms of vitamins. The class correctly understands that provitamins are the which of the following?

inactive form found in food.

Students in a nursing class understand that the body has the potential to make vitamin D with enough light exposureand if which of the the following organs is functioning normally?

kidney

The nurse is aware that there are occasions when a vitamin deficiency is not caused by a lack of intake but by a problem in synthesizing the nutrient. Pernicious anemia is due to which of the following?

lack of intrinsic factor to absorb vitamin B12.

The nurse is teaching a group of clients about the benefits of different types of food. The nurse points out that eating dark green leafy vegetables can be beneficial to the eyes. Which phytonutrient is the nurse discussing?

lutein

The nurse is encouraging an older adult client to spend time outside in the sun to improve vitamin D intake. The nurse is explains to the client that vitamin D helps in with which of the following?

maintaining blood calcium levels.

The nurse is teaching a group of students about various vitamins. The group correctly identifies that riboflavin is involved in the conversion of homocysteine to which of the following?

methionine.

The nurse is aware that vitamin D is primarily responsible for maintaining normal blood concentrations of calcium and which of the following nutrients?

phosphorus.

The nurse is aware that a phytonutrient found in red wine may reduce the risk of heart disease and is known as which of the following?

resveratrol.

Some vitamins have been found to act as drugs when given in megadoses. Which vitamin is used as a topical treatment for acne vulgaris?

retinoic acid

The nurse is instructing a client on the proper way to store various nutrients. The nurse emphasizes that which nutrient can be destroyed by light?

riboflavin

A client is on anticoagulation therapy. The nurse recognizes the client should eat which of the following foods in moderation? Select all that apply.

spinach broccoli cabbage

A client does not like milk and does not want to take supplements. How can this healthy adult ensure that she is getting enough vitamin D daily?

take a daily 15-minute walk in the sun

The nurse is assessing a new patient admitted to the unit. The patient is a 57-year-old with alcohol abuse and secondary ascites. The nurse suspects that this patient is most likely deficient in which of the following vitamins?

thiamine.

Lycopene is a phytochemical that is a potent antioxidant that may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Which popular food contains lycopene?

tomatoes

The functions of some vitamins are to protect other vitamins from damage. Which vitamin does vitamin E protect?

vitamin A

The nurse is aware that some vitamins exist in more than one form and have different functions depending on the chemical composition. Retinoic acid acts as a hormone to regulate growth. Which vitamin is this?

vitamin A

The nurse is reviewing the medication list of a client who is 10 weeks pregnant. The nurse needs to remind the client which of the following supplements is known to be teratogenic in larger doses?

vitamin A

The nurse has seen a client multiple times for vague complaints of headache, double vision, and hair loss. The client reports she has been taking high doses of supplements for several years. After reviewing her list, the nurse recognizes that the cause of the client's complaints might be which of the following?

vitamin A.

The nurse is concerned that a client eating a vegan diet is not consuming adequate amounts of some vitamins Which of the following supplements might this client need?

vitamin B12

The nurse recognizes homocysteine as a nonessential amino acid that is linked to an increased risk of stroke. The nurse knows that low levels of which nutrients can indicate high levels of homocysteine? Select all that apply.

vitamin B6 folic acid vitamin B12

The nurse is seeing a client who states, "I do not recognize these ingredients. What is ascorbic acid?" The nurse explains that ascorbic acid is another name for which of the following vitamins?

vitamin C.

The nurse recognizes that hormones are chemicals that are synthesized in one area of the body and stimulates function activity elsewhere. Which vitamin has hormonal actions?

vitamin D

A client understands that eating some oils is important to ensure adequate consumption of all nutrients. Which nutrient is supplied by oils?

vitamin E

The nurse is seeing a client who is on anticoagulant therapy. The nurse should advise the client to take which supplement cautiously?

vitamin E

The nurse encourages everyone who comes to the clinic to eat properly and get enough nutrients to ensure a healthy lifestyle. The nurse is aware that the Dietary Guidelines have identified which of the following nutrients as vitamins of concern in adults? Select all that apply.

vitamin E vitamin A vitamin C

The nurse is assessing a new patient on the unit who was admitted with complaints of frequent epistaxis. The nurse is aware this may be related to a deficiency of which of the following vitamins?

vitamin K.