Ch. 6 Thorax- Cross Sectional
the secondary bronchi further divide into the ____
Tertiary or segmental bronchi
T/F: during embryonic development an oval opening exists within the interarterial septum called the foramen ovale
True
T/F: the inner surface of fibrous pericardium consists of a double layer serous membrane termed the serous pericardium
True
T/F: the left pulmonary atery is shorter and smaller than the right pulmonary artery and is the most superior of the pulmonary vessels
True
T/F: the right coronary artery arises from the base or root of the aorta
True
T/F: the right superior pulmonary vein passes anterior and inferior to the right pulmonary artery
True
describe the coronary sinus
coronary sinus is a wade venous channel situated in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus and is the main vein of the heart
Vesceral Pleura
covers lung surface
the four _____ bring oxygenated blood to the left atrium
pulmonary veins
what is the function of the axygos venous system
the azygos venous system provides colateral circulation between the inferior and superior venae cavae
list the 3 main branches of the aortic arch
the brachio cephalic trunk left common carotid left subclavian atery
list the tributaries of the superior vena cava
the left and right brachiocephalic veins are the tributaries of the superior vena cava
what areas of the body does the thoracic duct drain
the thoracic duct drains all the lymph fluid from tissues below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm
describe the primary function of the thymus gland
the thymus gland is considered the primary lymphatic organ responsible for the development of cellular immunity. T-lymphocytes reacht the thymus as stem cells they are stored in the thmus while they undergo t-cell differentiation and maturation
list 6 structures located within the mediastinum
thymus gland trachea esophagus lymph nodes thoracic duct heart great vessels various nerves
Windpipe
trachea
T/F: each lung has an opening on its medial surface termed the hilum
true
the superior vena cava is formed by the junction of the
Brachiocephalic Veins
another name for the medial angle of the lung is the
Cardiophrenic Sulcus
the pulmonary veins bring blood to the
Left atrium
the aorta arises from
Left ventricle
the thickets, strongest muscle in the heart is located in the
Left ventricle
which of the following makes up the apex of the heart
Left ventricle
which of the following is not considered a mediastinal structure
Lungs
within the mediastinum, clusters of ___ are clumped around the great vessels, esophagus, bronchi, and carina
Lymph Nodes
Myocardium
Middle layer Heart wall
Tricuspid Valve
Right atrioventricular valve
Aortic Valve
Semilunar valve
____________ is located between the pericardium and the heart wall and is most prominent around the inflow and outflow of the heart
Subepicaridal Fat
brachiocephalic artery
1
interventricular septum
10
the first vessel to branch off the aortic arch is the
Brachiocephalic Artery
right ventricle
11
inferior vena cava
12
tricuspid valve
13
right atrium
14
pulmonary semilunar valve
15
superior vena cava
16
aorta
17
left common carotid artery
2
left subclavian atery
3
pulmonary arteries
4
pulmonary veins
5
left atrium
6
bicuspid valve
7
aortic semi lunar valve
8
left ventricle
9
collateral circulation between the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava is supplied by the
Azygos Veins
the lateral angle of the lung is termed the ____
Costophrenic sulcus
which of the following is the chief muscle of respiration
Diaphragm
which of the following is located between the upper thoracic vertebrae and trachea
Esophagus
T/F: the trachea bifurcates into the left and right mainstem bronchi at approx. the level of T10
False; approx, the level of t4-t5
T/F: the pulmonary semilunar valve is located at the juncture of the left venticle and pulmonary trunk
False; it is located at the juncture of the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
T/F: the inferior lobe of the right lung is separated from the middle and superior lobes by the horizontal fissure
False; the oblique fissure separates the inferior lobe of the right lung from the middle and superior lobes
T/F: the visceral pleura, the outer layer of the pleura is continuous with the thoracic wall and diaphragm and moves with these structures during respirations
False; the parietal pleura is the outer layer of the pleura
the ____ supplies blood to the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart
Right Coronary Artery
the aperture known as the ___ allows for the passage of nerves, vessels, and viscera from the neck into the thoracic cavity
Thoracic inlet
the thymus gland produces a hormone _________, which is responsible for the development and maturation of lymphocytes
Thymosin
Pulmonary arteries
carries deoxygenated blood to lungs
Diaphragm
chief muscle of respiration
Azygos Vein
collateral circulation
describe how blood enters the heart, is circulated, and exits the heart
deoxygenated blood is brought to the right atrium from the inferior and superior vena cava. the right atrium contracts, forcing blood throught the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. the right ventricle pumps blood throught the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary ateries which enter the lungs. oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins, which enter the left atrium. the left atrium forces blood through the biscuspid valve into the left ventricle, where it is then pumped through the aortic semilunar valve to the aorta
the heart is lined by a serous membrane called the _____
endocardium
the _____ is the area where vessels and nerves enter and exit the lungs
hilum
the ______ is the middle muscular layer of the heart wall
myocardium
Hilum
opening of medial surface of lungs