Ch. 6 Thorax- Cross Sectional

the secondary bronchi further divide into the ____

Tertiary or segmental bronchi

T/F: during embryonic development an oval opening exists within the interarterial septum called the foramen ovale

True

T/F: the inner surface of fibrous pericardium consists of a double layer serous membrane termed the serous pericardium

True

T/F: the left pulmonary atery is shorter and smaller than the right pulmonary artery and is the most superior of the pulmonary vessels

True

T/F: the right coronary artery arises from the base or root of the aorta

True

T/F: the right superior pulmonary vein passes anterior and inferior to the right pulmonary artery

True

describe the coronary sinus

coronary sinus is a wade venous channel situated in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus and is the main vein of the heart

Vesceral Pleura

covers lung surface

the four _____ bring oxygenated blood to the left atrium

pulmonary veins

what is the function of the axygos venous system

the azygos venous system provides colateral circulation between the inferior and superior venae cavae

list the 3 main branches of the aortic arch

the brachio cephalic trunk left common carotid left subclavian atery

list the tributaries of the superior vena cava

the left and right brachiocephalic veins are the tributaries of the superior vena cava

what areas of the body does the thoracic duct drain

the thoracic duct drains all the lymph fluid from tissues below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm

describe the primary function of the thymus gland

the thymus gland is considered the primary lymphatic organ responsible for the development of cellular immunity. T-lymphocytes reacht the thymus as stem cells they are stored in the thmus while they undergo t-cell differentiation and maturation

list 6 structures located within the mediastinum

thymus gland trachea esophagus lymph nodes thoracic duct heart great vessels various nerves

Windpipe

trachea

T/F: each lung has an opening on its medial surface termed the hilum

true

the superior vena cava is formed by the junction of the

Brachiocephalic Veins

another name for the medial angle of the lung is the

Cardiophrenic Sulcus

the pulmonary veins bring blood to the

Left atrium

the aorta arises from

Left ventricle

the thickets, strongest muscle in the heart is located in the

Left ventricle

which of the following makes up the apex of the heart

Left ventricle

which of the following is not considered a mediastinal structure

Lungs

within the mediastinum, clusters of ___ are clumped around the great vessels, esophagus, bronchi, and carina

Lymph Nodes

Myocardium

Middle layer Heart wall

Tricuspid Valve

Right atrioventricular valve

Aortic Valve

Semilunar valve

____________ is located between the pericardium and the heart wall and is most prominent around the inflow and outflow of the heart

Subepicaridal Fat

brachiocephalic artery

1

interventricular septum

10

the first vessel to branch off the aortic arch is the

Brachiocephalic Artery

right ventricle

11

inferior vena cava

12

tricuspid valve

13

right atrium

14

pulmonary semilunar valve

15

superior vena cava

16

aorta

17

left common carotid artery

2

left subclavian atery

3

pulmonary arteries

4

pulmonary veins

5

left atrium

6

bicuspid valve

7

aortic semi lunar valve

8

left ventricle

9

collateral circulation between the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava is supplied by the

Azygos Veins

the lateral angle of the lung is termed the ____

Costophrenic sulcus

which of the following is the chief muscle of respiration

Diaphragm

which of the following is located between the upper thoracic vertebrae and trachea

Esophagus

T/F: the trachea bifurcates into the left and right mainstem bronchi at approx. the level of T10

False; approx, the level of t4-t5

T/F: the pulmonary semilunar valve is located at the juncture of the left venticle and pulmonary trunk

False; it is located at the juncture of the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

T/F: the inferior lobe of the right lung is separated from the middle and superior lobes by the horizontal fissure

False; the oblique fissure separates the inferior lobe of the right lung from the middle and superior lobes

T/F: the visceral pleura, the outer layer of the pleura is continuous with the thoracic wall and diaphragm and moves with these structures during respirations

False; the parietal pleura is the outer layer of the pleura

the ____ supplies blood to the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart

Right Coronary Artery

the aperture known as the ___ allows for the passage of nerves, vessels, and viscera from the neck into the thoracic cavity

Thoracic inlet

the thymus gland produces a hormone _________, which is responsible for the development and maturation of lymphocytes

Thymosin

Pulmonary arteries

carries deoxygenated blood to lungs

Diaphragm

chief muscle of respiration

Azygos Vein

collateral circulation

describe how blood enters the heart, is circulated, and exits the heart

deoxygenated blood is brought to the right atrium from the inferior and superior vena cava. the right atrium contracts, forcing blood throught the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. the right ventricle pumps blood throught the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary ateries which enter the lungs. oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins, which enter the left atrium. the left atrium forces blood through the biscuspid valve into the left ventricle, where it is then pumped through the aortic semilunar valve to the aorta

the heart is lined by a serous membrane called the _____

endocardium

the _____ is the area where vessels and nerves enter and exit the lungs

hilum

the ______ is the middle muscular layer of the heart wall

myocardium

Hilum

opening of medial surface of lungs