Ch 69: Neurologic Infections PrepU

In myasthenia gravis (MG), there is a decrease in the number of receptor sites of which neurotransmitter?

Acetylcholine

Myasthenia gravis occurs when antibodies attack which receptor sites?

Acetylcholine

Which nursing intervention is the priority for a client in myasthenic crisis?

Assessing respiratory effort

A client is undergoing testing to confirm a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. The nurse explains that a diagnosis is made if muscle function improves after the client receives an IV injection of a medication. What is the medication the nurse tells the client he'll receive during this test?

Edrophonium (Tensilon)

The nurse is expecting to admit a client with a diagnosis of meningitis. While preparing the client's room, which of the following would the nurse most likely have available?

Equipment to maintain infection control precautions

Bell's palsy is a paralysis of which of the following cranial nerves?

Facial

Which is the most common cause of acute encephalitis in the United States?

Herpes simplex virus

Which is the primary vector of arthropod-borne viral encephalitis in North America?

Mosquitoes

Which is a chronic, degenerative, progressive disease of the central nervous system characterized by the occurrence of small patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord?

Multiple sclerosis

Nursing assessment findings reveal joint swelling and tenderness and a butterfly rash on the face. The nurse suspects which of the following?

Systemic lupus erythematous

The nurse is assisting with administering a Tensilon test to a patient with ptosis. If the test is positive for myasthenia gravis, what outcome does the nurse know will occur?

Thirty seconds after administration, the facial weakness and ptosis will be relieved for approximately 5 minutes.

A client is diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis. The 22-year-old client shares an apartment with one other person. What would the nurse expect as appropriate care for the client's roommate?

Treatment with antimicrobial prophylaxis as soon as possible

A 45-year-old client is admitted to the facility with excruciating paroxysmal facial pain. He reports that the episodes occur most often after feeling cold drafts and drinking cold beverages. Based on these findings, the nurse determines that the client is most likely suffering from which neurologic disorder?

Trigeminal neuralgia

Medical management of arthropod-borne virus (arboviral) encephalitis is aimed at

controlling seizures and increased intracranial pressure.

The primary arthropod vector in North America that transmits encephalitis is the

mosquito

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with a diagnosis of septic meningitis. The nurse is aware that this infection is caused by which of the following?

Bacteria

A client has been brought to the ED with altered LOC, high fever, and a purpura rash on the lower extremities. The family states the client was reporting neck stiffness earlier in the day. What action should the nurse do first?

Initiate isolation precautions.

A client with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is receiving acyclovir. To ensure early intervention, the nurse monitors laboratory values and urine output for which type of adverse reactions?

Renal

Which of the following tests confirms the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG)?

Tensilon test

The nurse is caring for a patient in the emergency department with an onset of pain related to trigeminal neuralgia. What subjective data stated by the patient does the nurse determine triggered the paroxysms of pain?

"I was brushing my teeth."

A client has been hospitalized for diagnostic testing. The client has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, which the physician explains is an autoimmune disorder. How would the nurse explain an autoimmune disease to the client?

A disorder in which killer T cells and autoantibodies attack or destroy natural cells—those cells that are "self"

A client with myasthenia gravis is admitted with an exacerbation. The nurse is educating the client about plasmapherisis and explains this in which of the following statements?

Antibodies are removed from the plasma.

The nurse is assessing a client newly diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Which of the following signs would the nurse most likely observe?

Diplopia and ptosis

A patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) has ataxia. Which of the following medications could be used to treat this clinical manifestation?

Neurontin

The most common cause of cholinergic crisis includes which of the following?

Overmedication

Which well-recognized sign of meningitis is exhibited when the client's neck is flexed and flexion of the knees and hips is produced?

Positive Brudzinski sign

A patient has been diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis at a community living home. When should prophylactic therapy begin for those who have had close contact with the patient?

Within 24 hours after exposure

A client's spouse relates how the client reported a severe headache, and shortly after was unable to talk or move their right arm and leg. The spouse indicates the client has hypertension. What should be the focus of management during this phase?

preventing further neurologic damage

A client is newly diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Which instruction should the nurse provide?

"You must avoid stress and extreme fatigue, because these can trigger a relapse."

The nurse is volunteering for a Red Cross blood drive and is taking the history of potential donors. Which volunteer would the nurse know will not be allowed to donate blood?

A donor who was in college in England for 1 year

A client who recently experienced a stroke tells the nurse that he has double vision. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?

Alternatively patch one eye every 2 hours

Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a client with double vision in the right eye due to MS?

Apply an eye patch to the right eye.

When caring for a client with trigeminal neuralgia, which intervention has the highest priority?

Encouraging the client to bathe with care

The nurse is performing an initial nursing assessment on a client with possible Guillain-Barre syndrome. Which of the following findings would be most consistent with this diagnosis?

Muscle weakness and hyporeflexia of the lower extremities

The nurse is assessing a newly admitted client with a diagnosis of meningitis. On assessment, the nurse expects to find which of the following?

Positive Kernig's sign

A patient with Bell's palsy says to the nurse, "It doesn't hurt anymore to touch my face. How am I going to get muscle tone back so I don't look like this anymore?" What interventions can the nurse suggest to the patient?

Suggest massaging the face several times daily, using a gentle upward motion, to maintain muscle tone.