CH 7 Physical Disorders and Health Psychology (E3)

According to the findings of Sapolsky's research with baboons, which of the following provides the strongest protection against the negative impacts of stress? a. Immunity b. Control c. Biofeedback d. Cortisol

b

As your textbook states, the single most effective prevention strategy when it comes to dealing with HIV and AIDS is a. focusing on getting those who use drugs to avoid activities that involve needles. b. changing high-risk behaviors. c. getting people to take the newly developed HIV vaccine that protects against the virus. d. encouraging adolescents to be sexually abstinent.

b

Regarding the age ranges for the risk of HIV/AIDS, which of the following statements is accurate? a. The age ranges for risk are the same for both males and females. b. For men, the highest risk is during their late 20s and early 30s. c. The age range for risk is younger for men than for women. d. For women, the highest risk is between 22 and 26.

b

Martin has been informed that he is HIV positive, although he has not developed AIDS. He lives in a part of the world where between 15% and 28% of the adult population is HIV positive, accounting for two-thirds of such cases worldwide. Where does Martin live? a. The outback of Australia b. Indonesia c. Southern Africa d. Mexico

c

The field of _______ is considered a subfield of behavioral medicine and focuses on the various mental factors that are important for the establishment and maintenance of physical and psychological health. a. psychosomatic medicine b. psychophysiological disorders c. health psychology d. biopsychosocial medicine

c

The effects of stress on susceptibility to infections in the human body is mediated through the ________ system. a. immune b. endocrine c. circulatory d. skeletal

a

With all other factors being equal, who has the highest risk for developing cardiovascular problems? a. A man with Type A personality b. A woman with Type B personality c. A woman with Type A personality d. A man with Type B personality

a

In response to sustained stress, the body goes through several stages that together constitute the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), a concept proposed by researcher Hans Selye. The second stage of the GAS is a. resistance b. exhaustion c. alarm d. resilience

a

In the phenomenon known as ________ control of pain, the pain behaviors manifested by an individual are determined by social consequences. a. operant b. cognitive c. endogenous d. classical

a

Research has shown that excessive secretion of the stress hormone ________ can result in cell death in the hippocampal region of the brain in response to chronic stress. a. cortisol b. androgen c. endorphin d. adrenaline

a

The study of psychological influences on the neurological responding of the human immune response is called a. psychoneuroimmunology b. psychotraumatology c. behavioral medicine d. health psychology

a

Which of the following is an example of a person demonstrating a "pain behavior"? a. Stanley does not go skiing with his son anymore because it is too painful for his knees. b. Quinn is engaging in physical therapy to regain strength in her arm after surgery despite the fact that the daily exercises are quite painful. c. Marcus regularly takes the medication his physician prescribed to deal with the pain caused by chronic kidney stones. d. After developing a case of shingles, Marcia is suffering with very intense levels of pain.

a

According to the principles of health psychology, which of the following would be the most appropriate goal regarding lung cancer? a. Learning about the proper uses of supplemental oxygen after lung cancer has been diagnosed to prevent it from growing. b. Learning about and avoiding high-risk behaviors that can lead to cancer in the first place. c. Making sure to smoke "light" or "ultra-light" cigarettes to reduce the risk of lung cancer. d. Educating a cancer-sufferer about their illness and the various treatment options for their disease.

b

Drew is voluntarily taking part in a study where experimenters cause him pain by injecting saltwater into his jaw. After the pain is established, he is then given a pill to help reduce the pain. Little does he know, however, that the pill is a placebo. Which of the following outcomes would be consistent with the findings described in your chapter? a. Drew will only experience a reduction in pain if he is told that it is a placebo. b. The endogenous opioid system in Drew's brain will be activated, and he will experience a reduction in pain. c. Drew will actually experience more pain, because the introduction of a "treatment" will cause him to think that the pain is more severe than it is. d. Drew will not experience any pain reduction because placebos have been found to be relatively ineffective treatments.

b

Which of the following does a person experience when a situation overwhelms his or her perceived ability to cope with it? a. Anxiety b. Depression c. Suicide d. Euthymia

b

Why is it necessary for people who have received certain types of organ transplants to take medications to suppress their own immune system response? a. Because the immune system will go into overdrive and will cause the various glands of the body to start overproducing their associated hormones. b. Because the immune system would regard the transplanted organ as a foreign invader and would attack it as it would a virus or a bacterium. c. Because the immune system will be irreparably damaged by the transplanted organ within the first several months of transplant, so it has to be artificially shut down to prevent long-term problems. d. Because the immune system will begin targeting not only the transplanted organ but also other organs in the same vicinity, and this can lead to fatal outcomes.

b

Sofia has been suffering from ________ for some time. Her physician recommends a program of treatment developed by Michael Sharpe that includes increasing activity, regulating periods of rest, and breathing exercises, along with other interventions. a. neurasthenia b. post-traumatic stress disorder c. chronic fatigue syndrome d. generalized anxiety disorder

c

Which of the following individuals is experiencing vascular pain? a. Justin, who overdid his workout at the gym yesterday and now has terribly sore muscles. b. Mallary, who has suffered from ongoing back pain for years and who regularly visits a chiropractor for treatments. c. Lori, who experiences regular headaches because of enlarged blood vessels. d. Louis, who suffers from ongoing pain in his ankle ever since breaking it several years ago.

c

In an important study of people with cancer conducted by David Spiegel at Stanford University, which of the following outcomes was observed? a. Two-thirds of the group therapy patients were still alive four years after the study began, despite having an initial prognosis of less than two years. b. Despite the predictions of the study, group psychotherapy did not provide any appreciable benefits to the recipients. c. Group psychotherapy seems to increase depression in cancer patients, as they become more aware of the severity of their own situation. d. The group receiving therapy lived, on average, twice as long as the control group.

d

Which of the following is an incorrect match of medical condition and its definition? a. Ischemia: deficiency of blood to a body part caused by narrowing of the arteries b. Myocardial infarction: death of heart tissue due to a completely clogged artery c. Angina: chest pain caused by partial obstruction of the arteries d. Arteriosclerosis: weakening of the aortic wall caused by enlargement of the aorta

d