PSYOP MOD D: MISO KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Field research consists of:
-pre-testing and post-testing -polling -conducting focus groups
What 3 things are included in Field Research?
-pretesting and post testing -polling -conducting focus groups
Explain Defensive Combat Operations
Conducted to defeat an enemy attack, gain time, economize forces, and develop conditions favorable for offensive and stability operations.
Explain Offensive Combat Operations
Conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces, and seize terrain, resources, and population centers.
Explain Stability Combat Operations
Conducted to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide essential government services, emergency infrastructure, reconstruction, and humanitarian relief.
Explain the Series Development Phase of the MISO Process
Consists of all products and actions to accomplish ONE behavior change by a SINGLE TA
Explain the PSYOP/MISO core task: Develop
Create messages and plan actions to reach the select TAs.
Knowledge of the OE includes:
Culture, language, religion, values, mindsets
Explain the Tactical Level of War
Employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other.
Explain SLE (Soldier and Leader Engagement)
Engaging commanders and foreign leaders and recommending talking points. Critical to ensure the continuity and credibility of commander and or units when dealing with foreign populations.
Explain the PSYOP/MISO core task: Plan
Ensure effective employment, understand/operate within the appropriate authorities and U.S. policies while supporting the commander's goals.
Prominent, embedded WWII reported who real emotions of the war?
Ernie Pyle
Who is the father of PSYOP?
General Robert McClure
Explain what is a Specified Task
Given by the commander
What is ASCOPE?
Helps identify the "C" (civil considerations) of METT-TC Areas Structures Capabilities Organizations People Events
The 7 Phase MISO Process
I. Planning II. TAAW III. Series Development IV. Product Development and Design V. Approval VI. Production, Distribution, and Dissemination VII. Evaluation
Explain the PSYOP/MISO core task: Deliver
Identify appropriate technologies that enhance the message delivery. Technologies are based on the physical environment, accessibility of TA, acceptability of delivery means, and timeliness of delivery.
Explain the Approval Phase of the MISO Process
In order to execute a series, it needs to get approved by higher HQ. Approval of channels varies by mission set. (CJCSI 3110.05)
Explain the Product Development and Design Phase of the MISO Process
Incorporating the MISO argument into a series and making specific products and coordinating planned actions.
4 Types of Military Briefings
Information Brief Decision Brief Mission Brief Staff Brief
Explain Foreign Humanitarian Assistance
PSYOP forces are employed to support U.S.G diplomatic and military relief efforts such as for human suffering, hunger, and privation.
Explain the PSYOP/MISO core task: Advise
PSYOP soldiers advise commanders to increase situational awareness and understanding effects individuals/groups have in the OE.
4 Classifications of Information
Unclassified (U) Confidential (C) - "damage" Secret (S) - "serious damage" Top Secret (TS) - "grave damage"
Explain the Tidal Wave of Marines leaflet?
Used during Operation Desert Storm in Kuwaiti.
Explain the Eye leaflet
Used during the Hukbalahap insurrection in the Philippines. It instilled paranoia and fear.
Explain staff brief
Used to inform commander and staff of the current situation to coordinate and synchronize efforts within the unit
What is OCOKA?
Used when analyzing terrain and weather. Observation of field and fire Cover and Concealment Obstacles Key terrain features Avenues of approach
Disadvantages of NGLS
Vegetation and strong winds (METT-TC), impersonal way to send a message, attracts enemy, vulnerable to hostile fire
Which war saw the first fully organized and authorized combat PSYWAR operations?
WWI
Which war saw the first fully organized and authorized combat psychological warfare operations?
WWI
What is the ideal TA?
a homogenous group, share similar conditions/vulnerabilities, and have significant impact on PO and SPO.
Explain decision brief
obtains a decision/answer on a course of action
Explain Information Brief
presents facts in concise form that the audience can understand
What were 2 technical advances of the American Civil War?
telegraph and camera
Concerning TLP, UNTIL you got eyes on the objective, your plan is _______?
tentative
Which 3 steps of TLP have to occur in order?
the first 3 steps 1) receive the mission 2) issue a WARNORD 3) make a tentative plan
MISO Attribution Methods
-Immediate, Concurring, Delayed, Non-attribution
Categories of Adversary Information
-Information for effect: factual info put out to achieve some purpose, usually negative, that affects perception -Misinformation: wrong info put out -Disinformation: wrong info put out on purpose to disrupt, distraught, and disengage -Propaganda: adversary influence that's biased or misleading in nature and can be direct or indirect
Historical Proven Techniques of PSYOP
-Know your opponent -Don't mock your opponent -Divide the Troops from Leaders -Don't Lie -Don't terrorize -Be aware of sexual content
The Operational Environment (OE) includes:
-Physical areas -air, land, maritime, space domains -Information -Systems relevant to the operation
Information on the Operational Environment (PMESII-PT)
-Political -Military -Economic -Information -Infrastructure -Physical environment -Time
PSYOP focuses on 3 distinct missions, what are they?
1) Military Information 2) Interagency/Intergovernmental Support 3) Civil Authority Information Support
3 things you need to have in order to handle classified information
1) Proper clearance 2) Need-to-know 3) NDA
8 Steps of TLP
1) Receive the Mission 2) Issue a Warning Order (WARNO) 3)Make a Tentative Plan 4) Initiate Movement 5) Conduct Reconnaissance 6) Complete the Plan 7) Issue the Operations Order (OPORD) 8) Supervise and Refine
3 ways that you can receive a mission
1) Warning Order (WARNORD)-preliminary notice, helps units prepare for new missions 2) Fragmentary Order (FRAGORD)-issued after the OPORD to change or modify it 3) Operation Order (OPORD)-directive issued by a commander to subordinates
Steps of creating a research plan
1) define a research task 2)determine information sources 3) extract information 4) organize search results
3 Types of Combat Operations
1)Offensive 2)Defensive 3)Stability
Distance and Weight of Mounted NGLS
1,000m urban terrain/2,500m open terrain, 52 lbs.
4 steps of a research plan
1. Define a research task 2. Determine Information sources 3. Extract Information 4. Organize search result
Distance and Weight of Dismounted NGLS
750m urban terrain/1,500m open terrain, 23 lbs.
When handling classified information, what form outlines the Army Security Program?
AR380-5
Immediate Attribution
Acknowledges U.S. involvement
PSYOP/MISO Core Tasks
Advise, Plan, Develop, Deliver, Assess
Delayed Attribution
Allows message delivery of products or actions without clear attribution, for security
Explain the Evaluaiton Phase of the MISO Process
Analysis performed of behavioral trends of TA to understand the manner and cause of TA behavior change.
PSYOP Force Structure
Army Reserve Command, Army Special Operations Command, Joint PSYOP elements, Combined task force
Concurring Attribution
Attributable to HN or noncommercial organization
What is the BLUF format?
Bottom Line Up Front
Most Effective Method for Destroying Classified Information?
Burning is the most effective method. Others include pulverizing, choppers, crosscut shredding, wet pulping, etc.
PSYOP during the Korean War
By the start, PSYOP only had 1 operational unit in the U.S. military. In April 10, 1952, the Army set up the PSYWAR center. After the Korean War, PSYWAR grew in size and scope.
Explain Non-Combatant Evacuation Operations (NEO)
Involves the evacuation of U.S. and allied whose lives are endangered by war, civil unrest, or natural disaster. Has support and assistance from HN. Provide information to evacuees concerning marshalling areas and evacuation points.
Explain the PSYOP/MISO core task: Assess
Is a continuous process that begins before the messages are even delivered or actions executed. Is it successful or unsuccessful?
What was the "Monroe Bomb"?
It was a the most successful mass leaflet distribution of WWII that had the capability of dropping 80,000 leaflets.
Date of when "psychological warfare" changed to "psychological operations"?
January 1962
Define reach back?
Limits the footprint of forward deployed soldiers to a minimal. The splitting up of work, maybe due to technical restrictions such as a PSYOP team in Afghan reaching back to Fort Bragg for their media operations.
Explain the Operational Level of War
Links tactical employment of forces to national and military strategic objectives. Focus is on design, planning, and execution of operations.
What does MISO stand for?
Military Information Support Operations
Explain Peace Operations
Military operations that support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement. Used to compel compliance with resolutions or sanctions. Can be used to succeed and transition U.S.G. out of involvement.
Mission variable vs. Operational variable
Mission variable-METT-TC Operational variable-PMESII-PT
Difference between monochronic and polychronic time?
Monochronic time cultures stick to strict timelines, arriving at or even before the time of arrival. Polychronic time cultures take their time and do not follow strict time frames.
Explain what is an Essential Task
Must be done in order to accomplish the mission.
Explain what is an Implied Task
Must be performed in order to accomplish a specific task.
What is NGLS?
Next Generation Loud Speaker System
Non-attribution
No intention to acknowledge the source of the message or action
Explain the Planning Phase of the MISO Process
POs, SPOs, PTAs, and Initial Assessment Criteria
Advantages of NGLS
Pinpoint targets, get immediate feedback, ease of operation, flexible/mobile, range
Definition of MISO?
Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately behavioral change.
5 Principles of Patrolling
Planning, reconnaissance, security, control, common sense
MISO capabilities
Print, broadcast, digital
Explain the Production, Distribution, and Dissemination Phase of the MISO Process
Production-making the product Distribution-giving it to a distributor Dissemination-giving the product to the TA
What is a PSYACT?
Psychological Action that is planned by PSYOP, but performed and executed by someone other than PSYOP.
Two types of information analysis used on adversary information and propaganda?
SCAME (deliberate analysis) MARCO (hasty analysis)
5 Paragraph Format for an OPORD
Sergeant - Situation: conditions of OE Major - Mission: 5 W's Eats - Execution: how to accomplish the mission Sugar - Sustainment: priorities Cookies - Command and Control: their locations
3 Types of Tasks
Specified, Implied, Essential
3 Levels of War
Strategic, Operational, Tactical
Explain the Strategic Level of War
Strategy develops an idea or set of ideas for employing the instruments of national power in a synchronized and integrated fashion.
Explain the TAAW Phase of the MISO Process
Target Audience Analysis Worksheet
First use of PSYOP in the U.S.?
The Revolutionary War
What is TLP?
Troop Leading Procedures
Explain mission brief
conveys critical mission information, typically informal, and occurs during operations or trainings
What is the most basic goal of MISO?
influence behavior of foreign target audiences to support U.S. national objectives