PSYOP MOD D: MISO KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

Field research consists of:

-pre-testing and post-testing -polling -conducting focus groups

What 3 things are included in Field Research?

-pretesting and post testing -polling -conducting focus groups

Explain Defensive Combat Operations

Conducted to defeat an enemy attack, gain time, economize forces, and develop conditions favorable for offensive and stability operations.

Explain Offensive Combat Operations

Conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces, and seize terrain, resources, and population centers.

Explain Stability Combat Operations

Conducted to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide essential government services, emergency infrastructure, reconstruction, and humanitarian relief.

Explain the Series Development Phase of the MISO Process

Consists of all products and actions to accomplish ONE behavior change by a SINGLE TA

Explain the PSYOP/MISO core task: Develop

Create messages and plan actions to reach the select TAs.

Knowledge of the OE includes:

Culture, language, religion, values, mindsets

Explain the Tactical Level of War

Employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other.

Explain SLE (Soldier and Leader Engagement)

Engaging commanders and foreign leaders and recommending talking points. Critical to ensure the continuity and credibility of commander and or units when dealing with foreign populations.

Explain the PSYOP/MISO core task: Plan

Ensure effective employment, understand/operate within the appropriate authorities and U.S. policies while supporting the commander's goals.

Prominent, embedded WWII reported who real emotions of the war?

Ernie Pyle

Who is the father of PSYOP?

General Robert McClure

Explain what is a Specified Task

Given by the commander

What is ASCOPE?

Helps identify the "C" (civil considerations) of METT-TC Areas Structures Capabilities Organizations People Events

The 7 Phase MISO Process

I. Planning II. TAAW III. Series Development IV. Product Development and Design V. Approval VI. Production, Distribution, and Dissemination VII. Evaluation

Explain the PSYOP/MISO core task: Deliver

Identify appropriate technologies that enhance the message delivery. Technologies are based on the physical environment, accessibility of TA, acceptability of delivery means, and timeliness of delivery.

Explain the Approval Phase of the MISO Process

In order to execute a series, it needs to get approved by higher HQ. Approval of channels varies by mission set. (CJCSI 3110.05)

Explain the Product Development and Design Phase of the MISO Process

Incorporating the MISO argument into a series and making specific products and coordinating planned actions.

4 Types of Military Briefings

Information Brief Decision Brief Mission Brief Staff Brief

Explain Foreign Humanitarian Assistance

PSYOP forces are employed to support U.S.G diplomatic and military relief efforts such as for human suffering, hunger, and privation.

Explain the PSYOP/MISO core task: Advise

PSYOP soldiers advise commanders to increase situational awareness and understanding effects individuals/groups have in the OE.

4 Classifications of Information

Unclassified (U) Confidential (C) - "damage" Secret (S) - "serious damage" Top Secret (TS) - "grave damage"

Explain the Tidal Wave of Marines leaflet?

Used during Operation Desert Storm in Kuwaiti.

Explain the Eye leaflet

Used during the Hukbalahap insurrection in the Philippines. It instilled paranoia and fear.

Explain staff brief

Used to inform commander and staff of the current situation to coordinate and synchronize efforts within the unit

What is OCOKA?

Used when analyzing terrain and weather. Observation of field and fire Cover and Concealment Obstacles Key terrain features Avenues of approach

Disadvantages of NGLS

Vegetation and strong winds (METT-TC), impersonal way to send a message, attracts enemy, vulnerable to hostile fire

Which war saw the first fully organized and authorized combat PSYWAR operations?

WWI

Which war saw the first fully organized and authorized combat psychological warfare operations?

WWI

What is the ideal TA?

a homogenous group, share similar conditions/vulnerabilities, and have significant impact on PO and SPO.

Explain decision brief

obtains a decision/answer on a course of action

Explain Information Brief

presents facts in concise form that the audience can understand

What were 2 technical advances of the American Civil War?

telegraph and camera

Concerning TLP, UNTIL you got eyes on the objective, your plan is _______?

tentative

Which 3 steps of TLP have to occur in order?

the first 3 steps 1) receive the mission 2) issue a WARNORD 3) make a tentative plan

MISO Attribution Methods

-Immediate, Concurring, Delayed, Non-attribution

Categories of Adversary Information

-Information for effect: factual info put out to achieve some purpose, usually negative, that affects perception -Misinformation: wrong info put out -Disinformation: wrong info put out on purpose to disrupt, distraught, and disengage -Propaganda: adversary influence that's biased or misleading in nature and can be direct or indirect

Historical Proven Techniques of PSYOP

-Know your opponent -Don't mock your opponent -Divide the Troops from Leaders -Don't Lie -Don't terrorize -Be aware of sexual content

The Operational Environment (OE) includes:

-Physical areas -air, land, maritime, space domains -Information -Systems relevant to the operation

Information on the Operational Environment (PMESII-PT)

-Political -Military -Economic -Information -Infrastructure -Physical environment -Time

PSYOP focuses on 3 distinct missions, what are they?

1) Military Information 2) Interagency/Intergovernmental Support 3) Civil Authority Information Support

3 things you need to have in order to handle classified information

1) Proper clearance 2) Need-to-know 3) NDA

8 Steps of TLP

1) Receive the Mission 2) Issue a Warning Order (WARNO) 3)Make a Tentative Plan 4) Initiate Movement 5) Conduct Reconnaissance 6) Complete the Plan 7) Issue the Operations Order (OPORD) 8) Supervise and Refine

3 ways that you can receive a mission

1) Warning Order (WARNORD)-preliminary notice, helps units prepare for new missions 2) Fragmentary Order (FRAGORD)-issued after the OPORD to change or modify it 3) Operation Order (OPORD)-directive issued by a commander to subordinates

Steps of creating a research plan

1) define a research task 2)determine information sources 3) extract information 4) organize search results

3 Types of Combat Operations

1)Offensive 2)Defensive 3)Stability

Distance and Weight of Mounted NGLS

1,000m urban terrain/2,500m open terrain, 52 lbs.

4 steps of a research plan

1. Define a research task 2. Determine Information sources 3. Extract Information 4. Organize search result

Distance and Weight of Dismounted NGLS

750m urban terrain/1,500m open terrain, 23 lbs.

When handling classified information, what form outlines the Army Security Program?

AR380-5

Immediate Attribution

Acknowledges U.S. involvement

PSYOP/MISO Core Tasks

Advise, Plan, Develop, Deliver, Assess

Delayed Attribution

Allows message delivery of products or actions without clear attribution, for security

Explain the Evaluaiton Phase of the MISO Process

Analysis performed of behavioral trends of TA to understand the manner and cause of TA behavior change.

PSYOP Force Structure

Army Reserve Command, Army Special Operations Command, Joint PSYOP elements, Combined task force

Concurring Attribution

Attributable to HN or noncommercial organization

What is the BLUF format?

Bottom Line Up Front

Most Effective Method for Destroying Classified Information?

Burning is the most effective method. Others include pulverizing, choppers, crosscut shredding, wet pulping, etc.

PSYOP during the Korean War

By the start, PSYOP only had 1 operational unit in the U.S. military. In April 10, 1952, the Army set up the PSYWAR center. After the Korean War, PSYWAR grew in size and scope.

Explain Non-Combatant Evacuation Operations (NEO)

Involves the evacuation of U.S. and allied whose lives are endangered by war, civil unrest, or natural disaster. Has support and assistance from HN. Provide information to evacuees concerning marshalling areas and evacuation points.

Explain the PSYOP/MISO core task: Assess

Is a continuous process that begins before the messages are even delivered or actions executed. Is it successful or unsuccessful?

What was the "Monroe Bomb"?

It was a the most successful mass leaflet distribution of WWII that had the capability of dropping 80,000 leaflets.

Date of when "psychological warfare" changed to "psychological operations"?

January 1962

Define reach back?

Limits the footprint of forward deployed soldiers to a minimal. The splitting up of work, maybe due to technical restrictions such as a PSYOP team in Afghan reaching back to Fort Bragg for their media operations.

Explain the Operational Level of War

Links tactical employment of forces to national and military strategic objectives. Focus is on design, planning, and execution of operations.

What does MISO stand for?

Military Information Support Operations

Explain Peace Operations

Military operations that support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement. Used to compel compliance with resolutions or sanctions. Can be used to succeed and transition U.S.G. out of involvement.

Mission variable vs. Operational variable

Mission variable-METT-TC Operational variable-PMESII-PT

Difference between monochronic and polychronic time?

Monochronic time cultures stick to strict timelines, arriving at or even before the time of arrival. Polychronic time cultures take their time and do not follow strict time frames.

Explain what is an Essential Task

Must be done in order to accomplish the mission.

Explain what is an Implied Task

Must be performed in order to accomplish a specific task.

What is NGLS?

Next Generation Loud Speaker System

Non-attribution

No intention to acknowledge the source of the message or action

Explain the Planning Phase of the MISO Process

POs, SPOs, PTAs, and Initial Assessment Criteria

Advantages of NGLS

Pinpoint targets, get immediate feedback, ease of operation, flexible/mobile, range

Definition of MISO?

Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately behavioral change.

5 Principles of Patrolling

Planning, reconnaissance, security, control, common sense

MISO capabilities

Print, broadcast, digital

Explain the Production, Distribution, and Dissemination Phase of the MISO Process

Production-making the product Distribution-giving it to a distributor Dissemination-giving the product to the TA

What is a PSYACT?

Psychological Action that is planned by PSYOP, but performed and executed by someone other than PSYOP.

Two types of information analysis used on adversary information and propaganda?

SCAME (deliberate analysis) MARCO (hasty analysis)

5 Paragraph Format for an OPORD

Sergeant - Situation: conditions of OE Major - Mission: 5 W's Eats - Execution: how to accomplish the mission Sugar - Sustainment: priorities Cookies - Command and Control: their locations

3 Types of Tasks

Specified, Implied, Essential

3 Levels of War

Strategic, Operational, Tactical

Explain the Strategic Level of War

Strategy develops an idea or set of ideas for employing the instruments of national power in a synchronized and integrated fashion.

Explain the TAAW Phase of the MISO Process

Target Audience Analysis Worksheet

First use of PSYOP in the U.S.?

The Revolutionary War

What is TLP?

Troop Leading Procedures

Explain mission brief

conveys critical mission information, typically informal, and occurs during operations or trainings

What is the most basic goal of MISO?

influence behavior of foreign target audiences to support U.S. national objectives