Ch 7 WW1 Study Guide

(Map) After reviewing the map, identify three major battles that American troops fought against Germany in 1918.

Chateau Thierry, St. Mihiel, Contigny

Warren G. Harding's running mate in 1920 was Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

False , mate in 1920 was CALVIN COOLIDGE

The "Big Four" were enthusiastic about Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and included most of them in the Treaty of Versailles.

False, "big four " DID NOT SUPPORT, and DID NOT INCLUDE most

More people were killed by tanks than any other weapon in World War I.

False, More people were killed by diseases; by ARTILLERY FIRE

Germany lost substantial territory when it pulled out of World War I.

False, RUSSIA lost

Because the Germans were ethnic Slavs, they felt an obligation to support the Slavic people of southeastern Europe against Austria-Hungary.

False, The RUSSIANS were ethnic slaves

A failed strike in Gary, Indiana, which left 18 dead, set back the union cause in the mining industry.

False, cause in STEEL industry

U.S. Attorney General Palmer predicted that violence would rock the nation on Labor Day 1920—a popular European celebration of workers.

False, nation on MAY DAY 1920

In the blank, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F). If false edit the statement to make it a true statement. The Zimmermann telegram proposed that Canada became an ally of Germany in the event of war between the United States and Germany.

False, that MEXICO

To mobilize for war, President Wilson established special boards so that the government could control the economy.

False, to mobilize for war, CONGRESS

Analyze the above cartoon and compare the figure being carried away to the men with the clubs. What is ironic about him "overthrowin' the government," as the other men say in the caption?

He is being overpowered by the government itself when he was overthrowing the government.

(Map) According to the map, what area of land was a source of conflict between Germany and France?

In Belgium that could stay neutral but if either side attacked the other side would gain a new allied force and Belgium was the one place that the battle took on the homefront.

". . . in unhesitating obedience to what I deem my constitutional duty, I advise that the Congress declare the recent course of the Imperial German Government to be, in fact, nothing less than war against . . . the United States; . . . that it take immediate steps not only to put the country in a more thorough state of defense, but also to exert all its power and employ all its resources to bring the Government of the German Empire to terms and end the war." —Woodrow Wilson, speech to Congress requesting a declaration of war, April 2, 1917 Read the above quote from a speech given by President Wilson and make connections about why he felt that Germany was committing acts of war against the United States.

It was the Imperial German Government would try to overpower the entire would and be just like an Imperialism nation and that they turns to Isolationism.

(Cartoon)Analyze the above political cartoon. The man on the left is Henry Cabot Lodge, a member of Congress. What might his expression and pose with the peace treaty tell you about his role in the Senate debate?

Lodge adopted the Treaty and made some adjustment and alterations to the Treaty and they Congress can change a Treaty to benefit mostly them or the nation too.

(Graphic) Study the graphic and then explain why the cargo and troop ships were positioned in the middle of the convoy.

Protection was the key element and the troops need their cargo to be protected against the enemies

(Cartoon) Describe the person that the flag is trying to put down and out in the above cartoon. What does the cartoonist tell you about American attitudes in this depiction?

The Bolsheviks trying to establish an anarchy which the U.S. doesn't want them to win and overpower the Americas

Desperate for workers, Henry Ford sent company agents South to recruit African Americans

True

In the blank, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F). If false edit the statement to make it a true statement. After the war, the NAACP launched a new campaign for a federal law against lynching

True

In the blank, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F). If false edit the statement to make it a true statement. Continuing political turmoil in Mexico, combined with the wartime labor shortage in the United States, convinced many Mexicans to head north.

True

In the blank, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F). If false edit the statement to make it a true statement. The wave of strikes in 1919 helped fuel fears that Communists were conspiring to start a revolution in the United States.

True

The British entered World War I when German troops crossed into Belgium.

True

Warren G. Harding's sentiments of returning to normalcy struck a chord with voters, and he won the election of 1920 with a landslide margin.

True

At the start of World War I, the Triple Alliance included a. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. b. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. c. Britain, France, and Russia. d. Britain, France, and the United States.

a. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Where did the Americans shatter German defenses and open a hole in their line with the most massive attack in American history? a. Meuse-Argonne b. St. Mihiel c. Paris d. Cantigny

a. Meuse-Argonne

As strikes erupted across the United States in 1919, the fear that Communists might seize power led to the a. Red Scare. b. Red Nativism. c. Red Socialism. d. Red Communism.

a. Red Scare.

Why did the Russians support the Slavic people against Austria-Hungary? a. They belonged to the same ethnic group. b. They had joined the Triple Alliance. c. They believed in imperialism. d. They were in a naval arms race.

a. They belonged to the same ethnic group.

(Graphic) What two new forms of warfare were introduced during World War I? a. aerial combat and gas attacks b. machine guns and trench warfare c. rocket launchers and cannons d. submarines and warships

a. aerial combat and gas attacks

The National War Labor Board often pressured businesses to a. improve work conditions. b. increase productivity. c. increase work hours. d. lower wages.

a. improve work conditions.

A region in southeastern Europe ruled at different times by the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire is a. the Balkans. b. Ukraine. c. Russia. d. Greece.

a. the Balkans.

The first declaration of war in World War I came after a. the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. b. Russia signed a treaty to support Austria. c. Germany invaded Belgium. d. Germany invaded Russia.

a. the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.

On November 11, 1918, the fighting stopped because of the signing of an armistice, or a. truce. b. peace treaty. c. reparation. d. acknowledgment of guilt.

a. truce.

A major problem in Germany's plan to invade France was that its forces first had to advance through neutral a. Amsterdam. b. Belgium. c. Switzerland. d. Luxembourg.

b. Belgium.

"Property can be paid for; the lives of peaceful and innocent people cannot be. The present German submarine warfare against commerce is a warfare against mankind." —Woodrow Wilson, speech to Congress requesting a declaration of war, April 2, 1917 According to President Wilson, why should war be declared? a. Property has been wrongly seized. b. German submarine attacks have killed innocent people. c. German submarines have stopped all trade routes. d. Innocent people have been killed in their homes.

b. German submarine attacks have killed innocent people.

In 1898 Germany began to build a navy to challenge _____ naval strength. a. America's b. Great Britain's c. France's d. Spain's

b. Great Britain's

Since Germany did not want to strengthen the Allies by drawing the United States into war, it agreed with certain conditions to sink no more merchant ships in a promise called the a. Zimmermann Pledge. b. Peace Pledge. c. Sussex Pledge. d. U-boat Pledge.

b. Peace Pledge.

"I realize that, in speaking to you this afternoon, there are certain limitations placed upon the right of free speech. I must be exceedingly careful, prudent, as to what I say, and even more careful and prudent as to how I say it. I may not be able to say all I think; but I am not going to say anything that I do not think. I would rather a thousand times be a free soul in jail than to be a sycophant and coward in the streets." —Eugene V. Debs, speech in Canton, Ohio, June 16, 1918 Which statement about free speech would Eugene V. Debs be likely to agree with, based on the quote? a. Free speech should be limited in wartime. b. People have a right to be critical of public policy. c. Public criticism of the war effort is cowardly. d. Americans should carefully monitor their fellow citizens' words.

b. People have a right to be critical of public policy.

Many Mexican Americans who migrated north to take factory jobs during World War I settled in their own neighborhoods called a. ghettos. b. barrios. c. convoys. d. zones.

b. barrios.

To protect themselves against artillery fire, troops in World War I began a. building obstacles. b. digging trenches. c. using bayonets. d. throwing grenades.

b. digging trenches.

(Graphic) Study the graphic. What was used to defend soldiers against the use of mustard gas and chlorine bombs during World War I? a. howitzer guns b. gas masks c. periscopes d. zeppelins

b. gas masks

In World War I, airplanes were first used to a. transport troops to the front. b. observe enemy activities. c. bomb enemy trenches. d. bring supplies to the troops.

b. observe enemy activities.

Before the United States entered the war, American banks loaned over $2 billion to a. support Germany. b. support the Allies. c. the League of Nations. d. the United Nations.

b. support the Allies.

The roots of World War I date back to the a. 1840s b. 1850s c. 1860s d. 1870s

c. 1860s

Republicans chose Calvin Coolidge as their vice-presidential candidate in the 1920 election largely because of his handling of the a. Chicago race riots. b. Red Scare. c. Boston Police Strike. d. Seattle General Strike.

c. Boston Police Strike.

What country made an offer to the Mexican government proposing that Mexico become its ally if the United States entered the European war? a. Bulgaria b. France c. Germany d. Russia

c. Germany

One of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles was that a. Germany must adhere to all of the Fourteen Points. b. Austria-Hungary must pay reparations to the United States. c. Germany must admit its guilt in causing World War I. d. Austria-Hungary must reduce the size of its military.

c. Germany must admit its guilt in causing World War I.

The "Big Four" who attended the peace conference at the end of World War I were the leaders from the United States, Britain, France, and a. Russia. b. Germany. c. Italy. d. Austria-Hungary.

c. Italy.

Trenches were dug during World War I to protect soldiers from a. tanks. b. airplanes. c. artillery fire. d. poison gas.

c. artillery fire.

"I look upon the Espionage Law as a despotic enactment in flagrant conflict with democratic principles and with the spirit of free institutions. . . . I am opposed to the social system in which we live. . . . I believe in fundamental change, but if possible by peaceful and orderly means. . . ." —Eugene V. Debs Which of the following would the Debs support? a. laws limiting free speech b. violent demonstrations against the Espionage Law c. peaceful rallies against the Espionage Law d. increased penalties for violating the Espionage Law

c. peaceful rallies against the Espionage Law

Which of the following innovations best completes the diagram? a. tanks b. airplanes c. rapid-fire machine guns d. poison gas

c. rapid-fire machine guns

"I can't sleep. National and personal potentialities [possibilities] are surging through my brain. Three stalwart railroad men came to the Embassy this evening. They brought reports of a plan for the massacre of Americans in the street to-night, but, strange and wonderful thing, a heavy rain is falling. . . . Rain is as potent as shell-fire in clearing the streets, and I don't think there will be any trouble." —from A Diplomat's Wife in Mexico Why, according to the quote, was the speaker concerned? a. There was gunfire. b. A storm was coming. c. Rain cleared the streets. d. Americans were to be massacred.

d. Americans were to be massacred.

In World War I, American soldiers were nicknamed a. Rebels. b. GIs. c. Liberators. d. Doughboys.

d. Doughboys.

President Wilson's peace plan was known as the a. Zimmermann telegram. b. Sussex Pledge. c. Treaty of Versailles. d. Fourteen Points.

d. Fourteen Points.

During World War I, fears led to the mistreatment and persecution of a. Japanese Americans. b. African Americans. c. Mexican Americans. d. German Americans.

d. German Americans.

Early in 1917, what division of the military authorized the enlistment of women? a. Army b. Marines c. Air Force d. Navy

d. Navy

World War I resulted in the end of four empires: the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Russian Empire, the German Empire, and the a. Chinese Empire. b. Slavic Empire. c. Yugoslavian Empire. d. Ottoman Empire.

d. Ottoman Empire.

Selective Service Selective Service Act of 1917 required men between 21 and 30 to register for the draft. Those who registered were selected by lottery to come before a local draft board. Approximately 2.8 million Americans were drafted. Approximately 2 million volunteered for service. African Americans Approximately 400,000 African Americans were drafted; approximately 42,000 served overseas as combat troops. African Americans served in racially segregated units, almost always under the supervision of white officers. The African American 92nd and 93rd Infantry Divisions fought in bitter battles along the Western Front. Women World War I was the first war in which women officially served in the armed forces, although only in noncombat positions. In 1917 the navy authorized enlistment of women to meet its clerical needs. The women wore a standard uniform and were assigned the rank of yeoman. The only women to serve in the army were in the Army Nursing Corps. Which of the following is true about African American soldiers during World War I? a. They served only in noncombat positions. b. They enlisted voluntarily. c. They received a standard rank. d. They served separately from white male soldiers.

d. They served separately from white male soldiers.

Who overthrew the Russian government in November of 1917 and established a Communist government there? a. Czar Nicholas II b. Georges Clemenceau c. Vittorio Orlando d. Vladimir Lenin

d. Vladimir Lenin

Immediately prior to World War I, foreign loans required the approval of the secretary of the treasury, a. Woodrow Wilson. b. Thomas Lamont. c. Robert Lansing. d. William McAdoo.

d. William McAdoo.

The right to self-determination means that countries a. have the right to annex other nations. b. have the right to be imperialist. c. have the right to form alliances. d. have the right to their own country and government.

d. have the right to their own country and government.

What were two jobs that women performed in the armed services during World War I? a. infantry and nursing b. drafting and nursing c. administration and clerical work d. nursing and clerical work

d. nursing and clerical work

Leaders of the woman suffrage movement such as Jane Addams urged President Wilson to a. attack Germany. b. attack Russia. c. join the Allies. d. remain neutral.

d. remain neutral.

To help pay the costs of the war, Congress a. encouraged meatless Tuesdays. b. lowered taxes. c. outlawed unions. d. sold Liberty Bonds.

d. sold Liberty Bonds.

Why did the British feel threatened by Germany's naval buildup? a. German naval cruisers had harrassed British ships in the past. b. It meant that Germany would have a stronger alliance with France. c. the British did not have a modern navy. d. the British depended on naval strength to protect their island nation.

d. the British depended on naval strength to protect their island nation.

"Selling" support for World War I to the American people was the task of a. J. Edgar Hoover. b. the War Propaganda Board. c. the War Industries Board. d. the Committee on Public Information.

d. the Committee on Public Information.

At the start of the war, the Germans were surprised when a. the Americans mobilized so quickly. b. the British mobilized so quickly. c. the French mobilized so quickly. d. the Russians mobilized so quickly.

d. the Russians mobilized so quickly.

No American troop ships were sunk on their way to Europe during World War I, largely due to a. radar. b. steel-hulled ships. c. antisubmarine mines. d. the convoy system.

d. the convoy system.

"There is a growing frenzy of suspicion and hostility toward disloyalty. I am afraid we are going to have a good many instances of people roughly treated on very slight evidence of disloyalty. Already a number of men and women have been tarred and feathered, and a portion of the press is urging with great vehemence more strenuous efforts at detection and punishment." —Secretary of War Newton Baker According to the quote, who is pressing for more strenuous efforts at detecting and punishing disloyalty? a. men b. the government c. women d. the press

d. the press