Ch. 8

Baths of Caracalla, Rome

Acommodated 1,600 bathers, contained libraries, lecture halls and exercise rooms, swimming pool.

Canopus

An Egyptian city connected to Alexandria by a canal. Hadrian's villa.

Decursio, pedestal of the Column of Antoninus Pius

Break with classical art conventions.

Markets of Trajan, Rome, designed by APOLLODORUS OF DAMASCUS

Brick-faced concrete to transform the Quirinal Hill. Included barrel-vaulted shops and administrative offices.

Arch of Constantine, Rome

Comes from monuments of Trajan, Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius. Sculptors recut the head of early emperors to Constantine's

Tetrarchs, from Constantinople, porphyry,

Diocletian establishes the tetrachy to bring order to Rome. Artists depicted 4 corulers as identical partners, not as distinct individuals.

Arch of Titus, Rome, concrete and white marble

Dominitian built arch to honor his brother, Titus who became a God after his death. His victories are represented in friezes-triumphal arch. These victories includes spoils of Jerusalem.

Colosseum, Rome, constructed for Vespasian

Early Empire- Under Flavians- gladiator fights and animal hunts -large amphitheater

Basilica Ulpia, Forum of Trajan

Early Roman Empire

Adlocutio

Formal speech, often given by the emperor to his troops. Sometimes used for the traditional stance, with one arm raised, associated with such a speech. Constantine speaking to the People

Marcus Aurelius on horseback

Gesture of clemency

Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli

Hadrian was an architect and designed his private Villa. It features pumpkin-shaped concrete dome. He send to kill Apollodorus of Damascus.

Triumph of Titus, relief panel from the Arch of Titus, Rome

Includes personifications of Honor and Valor, intermingling of human and divine figures in a Roman historical relief.

Painted portrait of Septimius Severus and his family,

Late Empire The only painted portrait of an emperor. The color of the gray hair and damnation memoriae.

Portrait bust of Caracalla

Late Empire personality portrayed energy and strength. Killed his own brother

Heroic portrait of Trebonianus Gallus

Late Empire wrestler's body with massive legs and swollen trunck. Projects brute force. Has a face of nervousness.

Portrait bust of Trajan Decius,

Old man, bag under his eyes. The eyes glance away nervously, reflecting the anxiety of an insecure ruler. Persecuted Christians.

Largitio: Constantine distributing Largess, relief on the north frieze of the Arch of Constantine

Reflects the new values that would dominate medieval art

Apotheosis of Antoninus Pious and Faustina, pedestal of the Column of Antoninus Pius,

Representation of the joint apotheosis of Antoninus Pius and Faustina, is the classical tradition of personifications. Marcus and Lucius built it in his honor -The Antonines

Constantine the Great, ca. 300, marble

Revive the Augustan image of an eternally youthful ruler. Jupiter-like statue-holds world power.

Spoils from the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem, relief panel from the Arch of Titus, Rome, marble

Roman soldiers carrying the spoils-including the sacred candelabrum, the menorah-from the Jewish temple in Jerusalem.

Reconstruction drawing of the Forum of Trajan, Rome

Rome's largest forum with a basilica, clerestory lighting, two libraries, a commemorative column and a temple of the defied Trajan. -Architect- Apollodorus of Damascus -friezes of Dacian wars

Column of Trajan, Rome, marble relief sculpture

Tells the story of Dacian wars in 150 episodes, from battles to sacrifices to road and fort construction. Located in the forum of Trajan.

Pantheon, Rome, constructed for Emperor Hadrian

Temple of the gods. Light comes in through the oculus.

Apotheosis

elevation to divine status; the perfect example of something. Titus in his arch

Decursio

ritual circling of roman funerary pyre - column base of antoninus pius