Ch. 9 Minerals

36 It is important to seek out nutrient dense sources of phosphorus, as many adults are deficient in this mineral. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: FALSE

44 The ultimate source of most of our iodide intake is unprocessed foods. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: FALSE

34 Most foods in the same food group of MyPlate (e.g., the protein group) contain similar amounts of sodium. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: FALSE Cheese has added salt unless it is a "low salt" cheese. Milk does not have added salt and so is lower in sodium in relation to kcal content.

37 Osteoporosis only affects women. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: FALSE Older men also develop osteoporosis.

46 According to MyPlate, the dairy group provides a rich source of iron. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: FALSE The protein group is the richest source.

35 The exclusive role of calcium in the body is to contribute to bone development. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: FALSE there are other roles [see lecture]

. 40 Individuals with hemochromatosis have a substantial decrease in iron absorption. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: FALSE H. is characterized by increased iron absorption and deposition in the liver and heart tissue.

31 Minerals from plants are better absorbed than minerals from animal products. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: FALSE Plants contain fiber that may bind minerals and reduce absorption.

42 Selenium itself is an antioxidant. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: FALSE Selenium is part of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase

28 You can never drink too much water. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: FALSE. You can die of overhydration.

26 You can survive longer without food than without water. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: TRUE

27 When water evaporates from your skin, you feel cooler because evaporating water takes heat energy with it. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: TRUE

30 Certain vitamins need minerals to help perform their metabolic functions. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: TRUE

32 Perspiration has a lower sodium concentration than blood. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: TRUE

33 Sodium is often added to processed foods and foods prepared in restaurants. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: TRUE

38 Some minerals can interfere with the absorption of other minerals. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: TRUE

39 Enriched grains contain less of many trace minerals than whole grains. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: TRUE

41 Zinc is important to the growth of children. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: TRUE

43 Copper plays a role in iron metabolism A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: TRUE

45 Fluoride inhibits development of dental caries. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer: TRUE

11 Which of the following is not function as an antioxidant systems? A) Thiamin B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin E D) Selenium

Answer: a. Thiamin Thiamin does not function as an antioxidant.

8 If an adult male is anemic, his physician will initially suspect A) an ulcer. B) cirrhosis of the liver. C) a poor diet. D) kidney disease.

Answer: a. an ulcer. Because men do not typically lose much iron; the physician would initially suspect a bleeding ulcer.

9 The most reliable food source(s) of zinc is (are) A) meats and seafood. B) orange juice. C)dark green vegetables D) iodized salt.

Answer: a. meats and seafood. The most reliable food sources of zinc are meats and seafood.

12 The fluoridation of public drinking water is A) responsible for a 40-60% reduction in dental caries among children. B)more expensive than fluoride mouthwash. C) not as effective as bottled water. D) the typical cause of tooth mottling.

Answer: a. responsible for a 40-60% reduction in dental caries among children. The fluoridation of public drinking water is responsible for 40-60% reduction in dental caries among children.

5 A deficiency of dietary iodide can cause A) a disease of the heart muscle. B) a goiter. C) dental caries. D) decreased tolerance to insulin.

Answer: b. a goiter. Iodide deficiency does not cause disease of the heart muscle, but copper deficiency does.

24 Magnesium functions A) to prevent edema. B) as an aid in enzyme function. C) as part of the parathyroid hormone. D) in transport of O2

Answer: b. as an aid in enzyme function Magnesium does not function in the prevention of edema.

23 Most of the dietary phosphorus for North Americans comes from A) fruits and vegetables. B) dairy products and meat. C) whole grains. D) sugar and fat.

Answer: b. dairy products and meat. Sugar and fat are not the main sources of phosphorus.

1 The majority of iron in the body is found: A) in the liver. B) in the red blood cells. C) in muscle tissue. D) bone marrow.

Answer: b. in the red blood cells Some iron is in found in the bone marrow; most is contained in the hemoglobin of red blood cells.

2 One of the most common nutrient deficiency diseases in the world is A) pernicious anemia. B) iron deficiency anemia. C) osteoporosis. D) goiter.

Answer: b. iron deficiency anemia Goiter is a problem in the developing world, but not generally in the developed world.

22 To improve bone status MyPlate places special emphasis on: A) whole milk. B) low fat and fat-free dairy products. C) calcium supplements. D)high protein diet.

Answer: b. low fat and fat-free dairy products MyPlate emphasizes low-fat and fat-free dairy products not whole.

18 Which hormone is most important in maintaining sodium balance in the body? A) Insulin B) Glucagon C) Aldosterone D) Calcitonin

Answer: c. Aldosterone Insulin is involved in maintaining blood glucose levels.

15 Most water is lost daily via A) the skin. B) the lungs. C) urine. D) feces.

Answer: c. urine. cups of fluid are lost through the skin per day, less than that lost in urine.

14 Water functions to A) regulate body temperature. B) participate in chemical reactions. C) lubricate joints. D) All are correct.

Answer: d. All are correct Water functions to regulate temperature, but this is not the only correct answer.

7 Which of the following foods provides nonheme iron? A) Eggs B) Milk C) Vegetables D) All of these choices are correct.

Answer: d. All of the above are correct.

16 Which of the following represents an example of a time when the thirst mechanism is unreliable? A) Vigorous exercise B) Illness (especially in children) C) Older adult years D) All of these

Answer: d. All of these All of these situations represent examples of when the thirst mechanism is unreliable.

21 Calcium is used in the body for A) controlling bone growth. B) nerve transmission and muscle contraction. C) blood clotting. D) All of these choices are correct.

Answer: d. All of these choices are correct. Calcium is used in the body for regulation of enzyme activity in cells, but this is not the only correct answer.

17 The sodium content of the diet of most North Americans is _______ of the amount needed in the body. A) slightly in excess B) only a small percentage C) equal D) an excess

Answer: d. an excess It would be described as "an excess" of the amount needed in the body.

6 Iron is loss from the body during A) vigorous exercise. B) high calcium intake. C) weight loss. D) blood loss.

Answer: d. blood loss. Sodium, not iron, is mostly depleted from the body during vigorous exercise.

19 Rich food sources of potassium do NOT include A) orange juice. B) dried fruits. C) bananas. D) cheese.

Answer: d. cheese Cheese is not a significant source of potassium.

13 In humans, impaired glucosecontrol, elevated blood cholesterol, and elevated blood triglycerides are associated with a dietary deficiency in A) iron. B) manganese. C) molybdenum. D) chromium.

Answer: d. chromium

20 Which is a true statement about chloride? A) is the body's principal intracellular positive electrolyte. B) is necessary to bind calcium ions. C) protects bone structures against decalcification. D) helps maintain the stomach's acidity.

Answer: d. helps maintain the stomach's acidity Potassium is the body's principal intracellular positive electrolyte.

25 Whole grains, broccoli, squash, bran, nuts, and seeds are excellent sources of A) chloride. B) phosphorus. C) calcium. D) magnesium.

Answer: d. magnesium An excellent source of chloride is salt.

3 The primary factor determining iron absorption is A) age. B) gender. C) amount of vitamin C in the diet. D) the body's need for iron.

Answer: d. the body's need for iron Iron absorption may fall as we age into older adult years.

47 According to MyPlate, the richest source of magnesium is: A) the grain group. B) the fruit group. C) the protein group. D) the vegetable group.

Answer: d. the vegetable group The vegetable group is the richest source of magnesium.

4 Dietary deficiency of _____ is associated with growth retardation and poor sexual development in humans. A) iron B) copper C) selenium D) zinc

Answer: d. zinc

10 Taste sensitivity has been shown to be altered in a(n) _______ deficiency. A) iron B) iodide C) selenium D) zinc

Answer: d. zinc Taste sensitivity has been shown to be altered in a zinc deficiency.

29 "Major" minerals are more important to health than "trace" minerals. A) TRUE B) FALSE

Answer:FALSE It refers to amounts needed.

48 According to MyPlate, the richest source of zinc is: A) the grain group. B) the fruit group. C) the protein group. D) the vegetable group.

Answer:c. the protein group The protein group is the richest source of zinc.