Ch. 9 Review Questions

Name the movement that occurs at the ankle:

Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

Identify the type of arthritis described by crystallization of uric acid in synovial membranes

Gouty arthritis (Gout)

Identify the type of arthritis described by the erosion of articular cartilage

Osteoarthritis

Identify the type of arthritis described by autoimmune response causing inflammation of the synovial membrane.

Rheumatoid arthritis

By what age of development are synovial joints formed?

Synovial joint form by week 8

5. Most nerve fibers to synovial joints (a) monitor how much the capsule is stretched, (b) supply the articular cartilages, (c) cause the joint to move, (d) monitor pain when the capsule is injured.

a

8. Classify each of the synovial joints listed as one of the following: (a) plane joint, (b) hinge joint, (c) pivot joint, (d) condylar joint, (e) saddle joint, (f) ball-and-socket joint. acromioclavicular

a

8. Classify each of the synovial joints listed as one of the following: (a) plane joint, (b) hinge joint, (c) pivot joint, (d) condylar joint, (e) saddle joint, (f) ball-and-socket joint. intervertebral joints (between articular processes)

a

8. Classify each of the synovial joints listed as one of the following: (a) plane joint, (b) hinge joint, (c) pivot joint, (d) condylar joint, (e) saddle joint, (f) ball-and-socket joint. sternocostal joints, ribs 2-7

a

6. Match the parts of a synovial joint listed in the key to their functions below. (More than one part may apply.) Key: (a) articular cartilage (b) ligaments and fibrous layer of capsule (c) synovial fluid (d) muscle tendon (1) keeps bone ends from crushing when compressed; resilient

a,c

Define each of the following terms: synarthrosis which of these terms is a functional classification of joint?

an immovable joint, this is a functional classification of a joint

7. Indicate the joint (or joints) from the list in column B that contains the structure listed in column A. (7) deltoid ligament

ankle joint

List the 6 features common to all synovial joints.

articular cartilage, joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, nerves and vessels

How does an articular disc differ from articular cartilage?

articular disc is fibrocartilage located in a joint cavity; articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage located in covers of adjoining surfaces of synovial joints

8. Classify each of the synovial joints listed as one of the following: (a) plane joint, (b) hinge joint, (c) pivot joint, (d) condylar joint, (e) saddle joint, (f) ball-and-socket joint. knee (tibiofemoral)

b

6. Match the parts of a synovial joint listed in the key to their functions below. (More than one part may apply.) Key: (a) articular cartilage (b) ligaments and fibrous layer of capsule (c) synovial fluid (d) muscle tendon (2) resists tension placed on joints

b,d

6. Match the parts of a synovial joint listed in the key to their functions below. (More than one part may apply.) Key: (a) articular cartilage (b) ligaments and fibrous layer of capsule (c) synovial fluid (d) muscle tendon (4) helps prevent dislocation

b,d

3. In general, the most important factor(s) determining the stability of synovial joints is (a) interlocking shapes of the articular surfaces; (b) reinforcing ligaments; (c) ligaments and muscle tone; (d) synovial fluid, which acts like glue; (e) the body's wrapping of skin, which holds the limbs together.

c

6. Match the parts of a synovial joint listed in the key to their functions below. (More than one part may apply.) Key: (a) articular cartilage (b) ligaments and fibrous layer of capsule (c) synovial fluid (d) muscle tendon (3) lubricant that minimizes friction and abrasion of joint surfaces

c

8. Classify each of the synovial joints listed as one of the following: (a) plane joint, (b) hinge joint, (c) pivot joint, (d) condylar joint, (e) saddle joint, (f) ball-and-socket joint. atlantoaxial joint

c

8. Classify each of the synovial joints listed as one of the following: (a) plane joint, (b) hinge joint, (c) pivot joint, (d) condylar joint, (e) saddle joint, (f) ball-and-socket joint. proximal radioulnar joint

c

Define each of the following terms: synchondrosis

cartilaginous joint (hyaline cartilage joins bones)

(5) types are synchondroses and symphyses

cartilaginous joints

8. Classify each of the synovial joints listed as one of the following: (a) plane joint, (b) hinge joint, (c) pivot joint, (d) condylar joint, (e) saddle joint, (f) ball-and-socket joint. atlanto-occipital joint

d

8. Classify each of the synovial joints listed as one of the following: (a) plane joint, (b) hinge joint, (c) pivot joint, (d) condylar joint, (e) saddle joint, (f) ball-and-socket joint. metacarpophalangeal joint

d

8. Classify each of the synovial joints listed as one of the following: (a) plane joint, (b) hinge joint, (c) pivot joint, (d) condylar joint, (e) saddle joint, (f) ball-and-socket joint. wrist joint

d

Both the sternoclavicular and temporomandibular joints contain an articular disc. What is the function of this disc in each of these joints?

divide the joint cavity to allow allow multiple complex movements of the joint

2. Synovial joints have (a) articular cartilage, (b) a joint cavity, (c) a lubricant, (d) an articular capsule, (e) all of these.

e

4. Characteristics of a symphysis include (a) presence of fibrocartilage, (b) ability to resist large compression and tension stresses, (c) presence of a joint cavity, (d) very high mobility, (e) both a and b.

e

8. Classify each of the synovial joints listed as one of the following: (a) plane joint, (b) hinge joint, (c) pivot joint, (d) condylar joint, (e) saddle joint, (f) ball-and-socket joint. trapezium and metacarpal 1

e

Of the shoulder, elbow, or wrist, which joint is the most stable? Which is the least stable?

elbow is the most stable, shoulder is the least stable

7. Indicate the joint (or joints) from the list in column B that contains the structure listed in column A. (2) anular ligament of the radius

elbow joint

7. Indicate the joint (or joints) from the list in column B that contains the structure listed in column A. (8) ulnar collateral ligament

elbow joint, wrist joint

Define each of the following terms: syndesmosis

fibrous joint where adjoining bones are connected by ligaments only

(2) types are sutures and syndesmoses

fibrous joints

(3) dense connective tissue fills the space between the bones

fibrous joints

(4) almost all joints of the skull

fibrous joints

(1) have no joint cavity

fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints

(8) nearly all are synarthrotic

fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints

Name the movements that occurs at the elbow:

flexion, extension

Name the movement that occurs at the metacarpophalangeal joint:

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

Name the movements that occur at the hip:

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, circumduction

What types of cartilage are found in a symphysis joint? Name one location of this type of joint.

hyaline cartilage, articular joint surfaces; fibrocartilage, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Name the 3 intracapsular ligaments found in the hip and the knee

intracapsular ligament of the hip (ligament of the head of the femur), anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Which other joints besides the sternoclavicular and temporomandibular joints contain articular discs?

knee

7. Indicate the joint (or joints) from the list in column B that contains the structure listed in column A (1) medial meniscus

knee joint

7. Indicate the joint (or joints) from the list in column B that contains the structure listed in column A. (6) anterior cruciate ligament

knee joint

7. Indicate the joint (or joints) from the list in column B that contains the structure listed in column A. (9) fibular collateral ligament

knee joint

Which ligament is injured in an ankle sprain resulting from forceful inversion?

lateral ligament

The articular surfaces of the knee contribute little to the stability of this joint. What additional structural features aid in stabilizing the knee?

medial and lateral meniscus, ligaments; muscles surrounding the knee

What structures contribute most to stability of the shoulder joint?

muscle tendons

What are the functions of synovial fluid?

nourishes cells and lubricates articular cartilage

Define pronation and supination, at which joints do these movements occur?

pronation is medial rotation of the forearm; supination is lateral rotation of the forearm; occurs at proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Name the movements that occur at the atlantoaxial joint (where the atlas meets axis):

rotation

7. Indicate the joint (or joints) from the list in column B that contains the structure listed in column A. (5) rotator cuff

shoulder joint

Why is an injured joint more susceptible to repeat of the injury following a sprain or subluxation?

sprains make the surrounding ligaments stretch

7. Indicate the joint (or joints) from the list in column B that contains the structure listed in column A. (3) saddle joint

sternoclavicular joint

7. Indicate the joint (or joints) from the list in column B that contains the structure listed in column A. (4) articular disc

sternoclavicular joint, temporomandibular joint, knee joint

(6) all are diarthroses

synovial joints

(7) the most common type of joint in the body

synovial joints

(9) shoulder, hip, knee, and elbow joints

synovial joints

Which forearm bone forms part of the elbow joint? Which forms part of the wrist joint?

ulna forms the elbow, radius forms the wrist