Ch. 9 Sociology
Meritocracy
A society in which everyone, no matter what their background, has an equal chance to achieve success.
Conflict theory
A sociologist conducts research into the ways that Hispanic American students are historically underprivileged in the U.S. education system. What theoretical approach is the sociologist using?
earn a pay raise for doing excellent work
Based on Meritocracy a Physician's Assistant would:
those who fail are exclusively responsible for their failure
If we claim that our society is a meritocratic society, then ___.
middle class
In the United States, most people define themselves as
Postconventional
In which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development do people recognize that what is legal and what is moral are not always the same thing?
relative economic status
Studies of global stratification measure inequalities by comparing the _______________________ of countries.
Material culture refers to all tangible objects that are part of a culture, while non-material culture refers to ideas, attitudes, and beliefs.
The main difference between material and non-material culture is that
Intergenerational mobility
Turn of the century "social problems novels" forced readers to deal with the realities of social class. Many of these stories depicted generations of family members who, over the course of a lifetime, moved up or down the class structure. This sort of movement, between different generations of a family, is known as ___.
denied the opportunity to obtain
Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions.
It allows them to believe that their wealth is deserved.
What advantage is there for the rich in claiming that our society is an economic meritocracy?
increased productivity increased efficiency equal treatment for all ALL THE ABOVE
What are some of the intended positive aspects of bureaucracies?
They allow movement between the classes
What factor makes class systems open?
They are transactional, task-based, and short-term, filling practical needs.
What role do secondary groups play in society?
global stratification
a comparison of the wealth, economic stability, status, and power of countries as a whole
intragenerational mobility
a difference in social class between different members of the same generation
Instrumental leadership
a leader who is goal oriented with a primary focus on accomplishing tasks
Social Stratification
a socioeconomic system that divides society's members into categories ranking from high to low, based on things like wealth, power, and prestige
Davis Moore Thesis
a thesis that argues some social stratification is a social necessity
Organic Capital
individual response to opression
Community Cultural Wealth
more about the social norms and values developed in oppressed/criminalized communities that help them survive
Society
people who live in a definable community and who share a culture
beliefs
tenets or convictions that people hold to be true
Conspicuous Consumption
the act of buying and using products to make a statement about social standing
GNI PPP
the average annual income of a country's citizens
Discoveries
things and ideas found from what already exists