ch.15: Psychological Disorders

A) schizophrenia

A person who believes that the FBI is watching him, that he has special powers, and that the newspaper stories he reads are referencing him likely has which of the following diagnoses? A) schizophrenia B) PTSD C) dysthymia D) ASPD

B) delusions.

A person who believes that the television news anchor is talking to him is suffering from A) hallucinations. B) delusions. C) catatonia. D) negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

B) hallucinations.

A person who is hearing voices that are not there is experiencing A) delusions. B) hallucinations. C) mood disorder. D) schizophrenia.

borderline personality disorder (BPD)

A psychological disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.

antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

A psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit.

D) posttraumatic stress disorder

A soldier who survived a bloody battle finds that she has recurrent nightmares, avoids her military friends, and jumps when she hears a loud noise. Of what disorder are these symptoms characteristic? A) major depressive disorder B) generalized anxiety disorder C) bipolar disorder D) posttraumatic stress disorder

C) panic disorder.

Ken went to the emergency room because he was short of breath, had a rapid heartbeat, was sweating, and feared that he was having a heart attack and would die. When the physician examined Ken, she was unable to find anything physically wrong with him. When she questioned Ken further, he told her that these physical symptoms occurred right before he was to give an important presentation. Which of the following is a possible explanation for Ken's symptoms? A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) bipolar disorder. C) panic disorder. D) schizophrenia.

phobic disorder or phobia

Anxiety disorder characterized by an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation.

panic disorder

Anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense apprehension or terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety provoking thoughts that will not go away and/ or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation.

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that has overwhelmed the person's abilities to cope.

abnormal behavior

Behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time.

phobia

Bill refuses to leave his house because he knows spiders live outside. Bill is most clearly suffering from a(n) _____

personality disorder

Chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individual's personality.

dissociative amnesia

Dissociative disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress.

dissociative fugue

Dissociative disorder in which the individual not only develops amnesia but also unexpectedly travels away from home and sometimes assumes a new identity.

D) a personality disorder.

Killian lets her husband keep all the financial records for the family, and she refuses to make any decisions on her own. She is so needy that if she encounters even a minor unexpected problem during her day, she calls him at work to ask his advice. This behavior cuts across all situations, causes problems in her relationships with other people, and seems to be Killian's only real approach to dealing with the world. Killian may have A) a major depressive disorder. B) bipolar disorder. C) a conversion disorder. D) a personality disorder.

referential thinking

Elvis is schizophrenic.While walking outside he believes a cloud covered the sun because he was hot.This is an example of ______

delusions

False, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.

C) major depressive disorder.

For the past month John as been lethargic; he tries to sleep but either can't fall asleep or wakes often. He's lost weight but can't bring himself to eat. He feels guilty for no real reason and can't find pleasure in the activities he usually loves. John seems to be suffering from A) dysthmic disorder. B) bipolar disorder. C) major depressive disorder. D) schizophrenia.

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Formerly called multiple personality disorder, a dissociative disorder in which the individual has two or more distinct personalities or identities, each with its own memories, behaviors, and relationships.

C) Generalized anxiety disorder involves anxiety about a large variety of things, whereas phobic disorder involves anxiety about a specific thing.

How are generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder different? A) Generalized anxiety disorder is more severe than phobic disorder. B) Generalized anxiety disorder involves avoidance of specific situations, whereas phobic disorder does not. C) Generalized anxiety disorder involves anxiety about a large variety of things, whereas phobic disorder involves anxiety about a specific thing. D) Generalized anxiety involves fear of other people, whereas phobic disorder involves fear of dangerous places or objects.

B) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

In movies that focus on war (e.g., Born on the Fourth of July, Apocalypse Now, First Blood), soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, hypervigilance, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases, these characters abuse alcohol, are suicidal, and have a strained or angry relationship with spouses. These characters have A) dementia. B) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). C) dysthymia. D) dissociative identity disorder (DID).

B) two weeks.

In order for a person to be classified as having major depressive disorder, he or she must experience a depressive episode that lasts at least A) one week. B) two weeks. C) one month. D) two months.

mood disorders

Psychological disorders—the main types of which are depressive disorders and bipolar disorder—in which there is a primary disturbance of mood: prolonged emotion that colors the individual's entire emotional state.

abnormal

Psychologists consider deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressful behaviors to be _____

Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)

Psychologists use the ______ to diagnose individuals with psychological disorders.

catatonia

Jean has been sitting in a chair for five hours and hasn't moved or responded to anyone who tries to talk to her.This is an example of ______

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Jillian can't bear to leave her home without washing all the linens and floors, vacuuming the carpets, and organizing everything in her cupboards. Because she knows that her behavior is extreme, she has tried to go to work without doing all these things, but she is overcome with such overwhelming dread that she never makes it all the way to the office. Jillian probably has A) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) a phobia. D) panic disorder.

B) dysthymic disorder.

Karen hasn't been eating or sleeping much lately. She has a general sense of hopelessness and low self-esteem. When she goes to work she finds herself struggling to concentrate and make important decisions. Karen seems to be suffering from A) schizophrenia. B) dysthymic disorder. C) major depressive disorder. D) generalized anxiety disorder.

antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

Ken is impulsive, reckless, and shows no remorse when he hurts other people.He is often in trouble with the law.Kevin is most likely to be diagnosed with _____

A) Axis I.

Renee is a social worker in an urban community mental health center. She has just seen a new client who has depression, which she codes on A) Axis I. B) Axis II. C) Axis III. D) Axis IV.

B) borderline personality disorder.

Margie has a long-standing pattern of unstable and intense relationships and mood. She has a history of trauma and is sometimes inappropriately seductive. She abuses drugs, has threatened suicide several times, and cuts her arms with a razor blade when she feels particularly bad. She desperately tries to keep others from abandoning her, partly because she has a very unstable sense of self. If she has a personality disorder, it is most likely that she has A) antisocial personality disorder. B) borderline personality disorder. C) schizoid personality disorder. D) cynosure cluster.

D) a panic disorder.

Mireille began having brief episodes of overwhelming anxiety about a year ago. She doesn't know what causes them, but she has had them in the grocery store, at busy restaurants, and once while driving. Her heart pounds, she has difficulty breathing, and sometimes she feels like her body no longer belongs to her. She is afraid she will go crazy and embarrass herself in front of other people. Based on this information, Mireille may have A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) a somatoform disorder. C) a dissociative disorder. D) a panic disorder.

bipolar disorder

Mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania , an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.

dysthymic disorder (DD)

Mood disorder that is generally more chronic and has fewer symptoms than MDD; the individual is in a depressed mood for most days for at least two years as an adult or at least one year as a child or an adolescent.

depressive disorders

Mood disorders in which the individual suffers from depression—an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

C) III

On which axis of the DSM are medical disorders? A) I B) II C) III D) IV

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

One of the most common psychological disorder, of childhood, in which individuals show one or more of the following: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

B) II

Personality disorders are recorded on which DSM axis? A) I B) II C) III D) IV

major depressive disorder (MDD)

Psychological disorder involving a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least two weeks.

generalized anxiety disorder

Psychological disorder marked by persistent anxiety for at least six months and in which the individual is unable to specify the reasons for the anxiety.

anxiety disorders

Psychological disorders involving fears that are uncontrollable, disproportionate to the actual danger the person might be in, and disruptive of ordinary life.

dissociative disorders

Psychological disorders that involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity due to the dissociation (separation) of the individual's conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts.

B) Axis II.

Scott was tried for and convicted of murdering his wife. He showed little emotion during his trial. Though he was tearful in some interviews just after she disappeared, given his apparent lack of remorse the tears may have been an attempt to manipulate people into believing he was not involved. Scott demonstrates characteristics of someone who should be coded on A) Axis I. B) Axis II. C) Axis III. D) Axis IV.

hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli.

schizophrenia

Severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes, referred to as psychotic because they are so far removed from reality.

D) a manic episode

Shelia's friends noticed that her behavior changed suddenly. She began to stay up late into the night, rarely sleeping. She impulsively decided to paint every room in her house and to buy all new furniture for her house. She also started drinking more and engaging in risky behavior, such as unprotected sex. Her friends noticed that when she spoke, she spoke very rapidly and quickly jumped from subject to subject. What may Shelia be experiencing? A) schizophrenia B) posttraumatic stress disorder C) a depressive episode D) a manic episode

B) dissociative fugue.

Someone who finds that he has traveled to a new town and has no memory of his old life is likely suffering from A) dissociative identity disorder. B) dissociative fugue. C) dissociative amnesia. D) multiple personality disorder.

DSM-IV

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States.

medical

The ______model considers psychological disorders to be diseases with biological origin.

flat affect

The display of little or no emotion—a common negative symptom of schizophrenia.

D) a physical predisposition to a mental illness.

The term diathesis refers to A) the process by which individuals dissociate. B) the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. C) the cycling between depressive and manic episodes in bipolar disorder. D) a physical predisposition to a mental illness.

medical model

The view that psychological disorders are medical diseases with a biological origin.

B) She is suffering from dissociative fugue.

Thirty-year-old Samantha is married with a son and lives in Chicago. One day she wakes up in strange room with no recollection of getting there. She walks outside and sees many palm trees and has no idea what city she is in. Try as she might, she can't remember how she got there or when. Which of the following best explains what happened to Samantha? A) She is suffering from DID. B) She is suffering from dissociative fugue. C) She is suffering from dissociative amnesia. D) She is suffering from schizophrenia.

obsessions

Troublesome thoughts that cause a person to engage in ritualistic behaviors are called ______

diathesis-stress model

View of schizophrenia emphasizing that a combination of biogenetic disposition and stress causes the disorder.

B) American Psychiatric Association

What organization publishes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders? A) American Psychological Association B) American Psychiatric Association C) American Medical Association D) National Alliance for the Mentally Ill

C) PTSD

Which of the following does not fit with the others? A) bipolar disorder B) dysthymic disorder C) PTSD D) major depressive disorder

B) they show decreased activity in their thalamus than normal individuals

Which of the following is FALSE about people with OCD? A) they have more activity in their frontal cortex than normal individuals B) they show decreased activity in their thalamus than normal individuals C) they're amygdala is smaller than in normal individuals D) they have lower levels of serotonin than normal individuals

C) bipolar disorder

Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder? A) panic disorder B) obsessive-compulsive disorder C) bipolar disorder D) posttraumatic stress disorder

A) suicide is the leading cause of death in U.S. adolescents

Which of the following is false? A) suicide is the leading cause of death in U.S. adolescents B) depressed individuals are likely to attempt suicide more than once C) suicide runs in families D) Iran has a relatively low suicide rate

C) Genetic heritage causes a predisposition to mental illness, but environmental and cognitive/emotional factors must be present for mental illness to develop.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the biopsychosocial model? A) Mental illness is caused by brain abnormalities, neurochemical abnormalities, and genetic influences. B) Societal forces such as oppression and poverty drive the development of mental illness. C) Genetic heritage causes a predisposition to mental illness, but environmental and cognitive/emotional factors must be present for mental illness to develop. D) Mental illness does not exist, but is rather a normal reaction to an abnormal situation.

C) Depression is related to neurotransmitter deregulation, genetics, and cognitive processes.

Which of the following statements is most correct? A) The biggest risk factor for depression is genetics. B) All areas of the brain of depressed persons are under-active. C) Depression is related to neurotransmitter deregulation, genetics, and cognitive processes. D) Women experience depression because estrogen, by its nature, is a depressant.

B) flat affect

Which of the following would be classified as a negative symptom of schizophrenia? A) visual hallucinations B) flat affect C) delusions D) loose associations

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

_____ is the least common type of dissociative disorder.

Learned helplessness

______ may develop when a person is repeatedly exposed to negative events over which he/she has no control.