Ch.16 America's Gilded Age, 1870- 1890

The Gilded Age marketplace proved to be chaotic as businesses in all industries engaged in ruthless competition. In response to this chaos, many businesses created trusts—legal devices whereby the affairs of several companies were managed by a single director. T or F?

True

horizontal expansion

Practicing of buying out competing firms an industry to monopolize industry

identify the statements that describe the Knights of Labor.

The Knights of Labor included women in its membership.

Vertical Integration

The process of controlling all aspects of business from procuring raw materials, transporting, and distributing the final product

Identify the statements that describe the political scene in the United States during the Gilded Age.

-Americans during the Gilded Age saw the country as an island of democracy in a world dominated by undemocratic governments. -Powerful new corporations raised disturbing questions about the American understanding of political freedom and self-government.

Identify the statements that describe the economic changes that occurred between 1870 and 1920.

-Between 1870 and 1920, the percentage of people employed in agriculture decreased significantly. -The GNP per capita between 1870 and 1920 more than doubled. -Between 1870 and 1920, the percentage of people employed in industry grew significantly.

Identify the events and conditions that led to second industrial revolution that took place between the civil war in the earliest 20th century

-Federal government enacted terrorists that protected American industry from foreign competition -there was money available for investment -the country had growing supply of Labor an expanding market for manufactured goods

Identify the statements that describe working conditions and policies during the gilded age in America

-Hardship and economic insecurity were basic facts of life for most workers -Countries economic growth was distributed only in the evening with the top 1% of Americans totally the same level of income as the bottom half the population -American industrial workers perished in workplace accidents Harassed at higher rate than anywhere else in the industrial world

During this period of time, how did the workers' ideas of freedom differ from those held by the owners and managers of the industry, and how did the courts construe freedom?

-Laborers looked to the government to protect their rights and ensure fair working conditions. -Owners did not want the government to regulate business or interfere in the economy. -The courts overturned numerous laws that controlled aspects of economic activity.

In this video, Eric Foner discusses court decisions held against labor on the grounds of individual freedom, specifically liberty of contract. What were the most important decisions made by the Court?

-The Supreme Court overturned laws that made it illegal for companies to pay their employees in scrip that could only be used at certain stores on the grounds it violated the right of property of these corporations. -The Supreme Court ruled that state laws regulating corporate behavior, limiting the number of hours a person could work, were unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment.

The "overwhelming labor question" replaced slavery as the hot-button topic in the late nineteenth century. Identify the events and actions that illustrate the "overwhelming labor question."

-Troops fired on striking workers in Pittsburgh, killing twenty people. -the Great Railroad Strike -The federal government built National Guard armories in major cities to ensure troops would be on hand if strikes got out of control.

Analyze the cartoon below titled "The Greatest Department Store on Earth," from Puck magazine (November 29, 1899).How does this artist depict the American economy during the Gilded Age?

-Uncle Sam sold its manufactured products throughout the globe. -The American economy was diversified, not reliant on just one product.

Identify the statements I describe examples of Christian moral reform and it's successful attempt to stand out sin

-Women's Christian Temperance Union -Mann Act of 1910 - Gambling, prostitution, polygamy, and birth control were all targets of the legislation attempts to control or eliminate by Evangelical Christians in the Gilded Age.

During the Gilded Age, the federal government sought to define the place of Native Americans in society and address questions of indigenous citizenship. Place the following events in chronological order.

1-Congress eliminated the treaty system with native tribes. 2-the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Elk v. Wilkins that citizenship did not apply to Native Americans. 3-The Dawes Act was passed, dividing tribal land into parcels of land open for white settlement. 4-Congress extended citizenship to all Native Americans.

Identify the statements that describe "robber barons"

610-611 -John D Rockefeller was considered by many to be the worst of a robber barons - -We exercise incredible amounts of power with little political accountability of regulation

Identify the statements that describe American westward expansion.

614 In the twentieth century, the American West became the focus of many federally funded public works projects. Western states used land donated by the federal government to establish public universities.

Identify the statements that describe the relationship between Native Americans and white America.

624-625 In 1871, Congress eliminated the treaty system that dated back to the revolutionary era, by which the federal government negotiated agreements with Indians as if they were foreign nations. The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools where Indian children were sent to become "more American."

As the United States matured into an industrial economy, Americans struggled to make sense of a new social order that included "better classes," "respectable classes," and "dangerous classes." Identify the statements that describe the nation's social problems during the Gilded Age.

635 -There was a growing permanent factory population living on the edge of poverty alongside a growing class of millionaires. -Labor strikes for common is workers often complained of overwork and poor living conditions

Identify the statements that describe the Haymarket Affair.

644-646 Four strikers were killed by police on May 3, 1886, when they clashed with strikebreakers. Eight men were charged with carrying out the bombing.

Robber Barons

Business leaders who wielded power without any accountability in an unregulated market place

According to Social Darwinism, the evolutionary process in humans was based on the survival of communities working together. Democratic Social Darwinists wanted the state to be the means of alleviating poverty to ensure the survival of the community. T or F?

False

The conquest of the American West was a unique phenomenon in global history, whereby settlers moved boldly into the interior of regions of a great continent with a temperate climate, bringing their families, crops, and livestock, and establishing mining and other industries. T or F

False